Ruby用戶指南
3、開始
4、簡單的例子
5、字符串
6、正則表達式
7、數(shù)組
8、回到那些簡單的例子
9、流程控制
10、迭代器
11、面向?qū)ο笏季S
12、方法
13、類
14、繼承
15、重載方法
16、訪問控制
17、單態(tài)方法
18、模塊
19、過程對象
20、變量
21、全局變量
22、實變量
23、局部變量
24、類常量
25、異常處理:rescue
26、異常處理:ensure
27、存取器
28、對象的初始化
29、雜項
RGSS入門教程
1、什么是RGSS
2、開始：最簡單的腳本
3、數(shù)據(jù)類型：數(shù)字
4、數(shù)據(jù)類型：常量與變量
5、數(shù)據(jù)類型：字符串
6、控制語句：條件分歧語句
7、控制語句：循環(huán)
8、函數(shù)
9、對象與類
10、顯示圖片
11、數(shù)組
12、哈希表（關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)組）
13、類
14、數(shù)據(jù)庫
15、游戲?qū)ο?/a>
16、精靈的管理
17、窗口的管理
18、活動指令
19、場景類
Programming Ruby的翻譯
Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide
前言
序
Roadmap
Ruby.new
類，對象和變量
容器Containers，塊Blocks和迭代Iterators
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類型
深入方法
表達式Expressions
異常，捕捉和拋出（已經(jīng)開始，by jellen）
模塊
基本輸入輸出
線程和進程
當(dāng)遭遇挫折
Ruby和它的世界
Ruby和Web開發(fā)
Ruby Tk
Ruby 和微軟的 Windows
擴展Ruby
Ruby語言 （by jellen）
類和對象 （by jellen）
Ruby安全
反射Reflection
內(nèi)建類和方法
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫
OO設(shè)計
網(wǎng)絡(luò)和Web庫
Windows支持
內(nèi)嵌文檔
交互式Ruby Shell
支持
Ruby參考手冊
Ruby首頁
卷首語
Ruby的啟動
環(huán)境變量
對象
類
執(zhí)行
結(jié)束時的相關(guān)處理
線程
安全模型
正則表達式
字句構(gòu)造
程序
變量和常數(shù)
字面值
操作符表達式
控制結(jié)構(gòu)
方法調(diào)用
類／方法的定義
內(nèi)部函數(shù)
內(nèi)部變量
內(nèi)部常數(shù)
內(nèi)部類／模塊／異常類
附加庫
Ruby變更記錄
ruby 1.6 特性
ruby 1.7 特性
Ruby術(shù)語集
Ruby的運行平臺
pack模板字符串
sprintf格式
Marshal格式
Ruby FAQ
Ruby的陷阱
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characters
Classes and Objects
Classes and objects are obviously central to Ruby, but at first sight they can seem a little confusing. There seem to be a lot of concepts: classes, objects, class objects, instance methods, class methods, and singleton classes. In reality, however, Ruby has just a single underlying class and object structure, which we'll discuss in this chapter. In fact, the basic model is so simple, we can describe it in a single paragraph. A Ruby object has three components: a set of flags, some instance variables, and an associated class. A Ruby class is an object of class
Class, which contains all the object things plus a list of methods and a reference to a superclass (which is itself another class). All method calls in Ruby nominate a receiver (which is by default self, the current object). Ruby finds the method to invoke by looking at the list of methods in the receiver's class. If it doesn't find the method there, it looks in the superclass, and then in the superclass's superclass, and so on. If the method cannot be found in the receiver's class or any of its ancestors, Ruby invokes the method method_missing on the original receiver.
And that's it---the entire explanation. On to the next chapter.
``But wait,'' you cry, ``I spent good money on this chapter. What about all this other stuff---singleton classes, class methods, and so on. How do they work?''
Good question.
How Classes and Objects Interact
All class/object interactions are explained using the simple model given above: objects reference classes, and classes reference zero or more superclasses. However, the implementation details can get a tad tricky. We've found that the simplest way of visualizing all this is to draw the actual objects that Ruby implements. So, in the following pages we'll look at all the possible combinations of classes and objects. Note that these are not class diagrams in the UML sense; we're showing structures in memory and pointers between them.Your Basic, Everyday Object
Let's start by looking at an object created from a simple class. Figure 19.1 on page 239 shows an object referenced by a variable,lucille, the object's class, Guitar, and that class's superclass, Object. Notice how the object's class reference (called klass for historical reasons that really bug Andy) points to the class object, and how the super pointer from that class references the parent class.
| Figure not available... |
Guitar.strings(), it follows the same process as before: it goes to the receiver, class Guitar, follows the klass reference to class Guitar$'$, and finds the method.
Finally, note that an ``S'' has crept into the flags in class Guitar$'$. The classes that Ruby creates automatically are marked internally as singleton classes. Singleton classes are treated slightly differently within Ruby. The most obvious difference from the outside is that they are effectively invisible: they will never appear in a list of objects returned from methods such as
Module#ancestors or
ObjectSpace::each_object .
Object-Specific Classes
Ruby allows you to create a class tied to a particular object. In the following example, we create twoString objects. We then associate an anonymous class with one of them, overriding one of the methods in the object's base class and adding a new method.
a?=?"hello" | ||
b?=?a.dup | ||
| ||
class?<<a | ||
??def?to_s | ||
????"The?value?is?'#{self}'" | ||
??end | ||
??def?twoTimes | ||
????self?+?self | ||
??end | ||
end | ||
| ||
a.to_s |
||