實(shí)現(xiàn)思路

x01 服務(wù)端的建立

首先,在服務(wù)端,使用socket進(jìn)行消息的接受,每接受一個(gè)socket的請(qǐng)求,就開啟一個(gè)新的線程來管理消息的分發(fā)與接受,同時(shí),又存在一個(gè)handler來管理所有的線程,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)聊天室的各種功能的處理

x02 客戶端的建立

客戶端的建立就要比服務(wù)端簡(jiǎn)單多了,客戶端的作用只是對(duì)消息的發(fā)送以及接受,以及按照特定的規(guī)則去輸入特定的字符從而實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的功能的使用,因此,在客戶端這里,只需要去使用兩個(gè)線程,一個(gè)是專門用于接受消息,一個(gè)是專門用于發(fā)送消息的

至于為什么不用一個(gè)呢,那是因?yàn)?只用一個(gè)的話,當(dāng)接受了消息,在發(fā)送之前接受消息的處于阻塞狀態(tài),同理,發(fā)送消息也是,那么要是將這兩個(gè)功能放在一個(gè)地方實(shí)現(xiàn),就會(huì)導(dǎo)致沒有辦法連續(xù)發(fā)送或者接受消息了

實(shí)現(xiàn)方式

服務(wù)端實(shí)現(xiàn)

import?json
import?threading
from?socket?import?*
from?time?import?ctime


class?PyChattingServer:
????__socket?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM,?0)
????__address?=?('',?12231)

????__buf?=?1024

????def?__init__(self):
????????self.__socket.bind(self.__address)
????????self.__socket.listen(20)
????????self.__msg_handler?=?ChattingHandler()

????def?start_session(self):
????????print('等待客戶連接...\r\n')
????????try:
????????????while?True:
????????????????cs,?caddr?=?self.__socket.accept()
????????????????#?利用handler來管理線程,實(shí)現(xiàn)線程之間的socket的相互通信
????????????????self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs,?caddr)
????????except?socket.error:
????????????pass


class?ChattingThread(threading.Thread):
????__buf?=?1024

????def?__init__(self,?cs,?caddr,?msg_handler):
????????super(ChattingThread,?self).__init__()
????????self.__cs?=?cs
????????self.__caddr?=?caddr
????????self.__msg_handler?=?msg_handler

????#?使用多線程管理會(huì)話
????def?run(self):
????????try:
????????????print('...連接來自于:',?self.__caddr)
????????????data?=?'歡迎你到來PY_CHATTING！請(qǐng)輸入你的很cooooool的昵稱(不能帶有空格喲`)\r\n'
????????????self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data,?'utf-8'))
????????????while?True:
????????????????data?=?self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
????????????????if?not?data:
????????????????????break
????????????????self.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data,?self.__cs)
????????????????print(data)
????????except?socket.error?as?e:
????????????print(e.args)
????????????pass
????????finally:
????????????self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)
????????????self.__cs.close()


class?ChattingHandler:
????__help_str?=?"[?SYSTEM?]\r\n"?\
?????????????????"輸入/ls,即可獲得所有登陸用戶信息\r\n"?\
?????????????????"輸入/h,即可獲得幫助\r\n"?\
?????????????????"輸入@用戶名?(注意用戶名后面的空格)+消息,即可發(fā)動(dòng)單聊\r\n"?\
?????????????????"輸入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息\r\n"?\
?????????????????"再次輸入/i,即可取消屏蔽\r\n"?\
?????????????????"所有首字符為/的信息都不會(huì)發(fā)送出去"

????__buf?=?1024
????__socket_list?=?[]

????__user_name_to_socket?=?{}
????__socket_to_user_name?=?{}

????__user_name_to_broadcast_state?=?{}

????def?start_thread(self,?cs,?caddr):
????????self.__socket_list.append(cs)
????????chat_thread?=?ChattingThread(cs,?caddr,?self)
????????chat_thread.start()

????def?close_conn(self,?cs):
????????if?cs?not?in?self.__socket_list:
????????????return
????????#?去除socket的記錄
????????nickname?=?"SOMEONE"
????????if?cs?in?self.__socket_list:
????????????self.__socket_list.remove(cs)
????????#?去除socket與username之間的映射關(guān)系
????????if?cs?in?self.__socket_to_user_name:
????????????nickname?=?self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]
????????????self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
????????????self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)
????????????self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)
????????nickname?+=?"?"
????????#?廣播某玩家退出聊天室
????????self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname?+?"離開了PY_CHATTING")

????#?管理用戶輸入的信息
????def?handle_msg(self,?msg,?cs):
????????js?=?json.loads(msg)
????????if?js['type']?==?"login":
????????????if?js['msg']?not?in?self.__user_name_to_socket:
????????????????if?'?'?in?js['msg']:
????????????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????????????'type':?'login',
????????????????????????'success':?False,
????????????????????????'msg':?'賬號(hào)不能夠帶有空格'
????????????????????}),?cs)
????????????????else:
????????????????????self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']]?=?cs
????????????????????self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]?=?js['msg']
????????????????????self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']]?=?True
????????????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????????????'type':?'login',
????????????????????????'success':?True,
????????????????????????'msg':?'昵稱建立成功,輸入/ls可查看所有在線的人,輸入/help可以查看幫助(所有首字符為/的消息都不會(huì)發(fā)送)'
????????????????????}),?cs)
????????????????????#?廣播其他人,他已經(jīng)進(jìn)入聊天室
????????????????????self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg']?+?"已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了聊天室")
????????????else:
????????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'login',
????????????????????'success':?False,
????????????????????'msg':?'賬號(hào)已存在'
????????????????}),?cs)
????????#?若玩家處于屏蔽模式,則無法發(fā)送群聊消息
????????elif?js['type']?==?"broadcast":
????????????if?self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
????????????????self.broadcast(js['msg'],?cs)
????????????else:
????????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'broadcast',
????????????????????'msg':?'屏蔽模式下無法發(fā)送群聊信息'
????????????????}),?cs)
????????elif?js['type']?==?"ls":
????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????'type':?'ls',
????????????????'msg':?self.get_all_login_user_info()
????????????}),?cs)
????????elif?js['type']?==?"help":
????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????'type':?'help',
????????????????'msg':?self.__help_str
????????????}),?cs)
????????elif?js['type']?==?"sendto":
????????????self.single_chatting(cs,?js['nickname'],?js['msg'])
????????elif?js['type']?==?"ignore":
????????????self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)

????def?exchange_ignore_state(self,?cs):
????????if?cs?in?self.__socket_to_user_name:
????????????state?=?self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]
????????????if?state:
????????????????state?=?False
????????????else:
????????????????state?=?True
????????????self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
????????????self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]?=?state
????????????if?self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
????????????????msg?=?"通常模式"
????????????else:
????????????????msg?=?"屏蔽模式"
????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????'type':?'ignore',
????????????????'success':?True,
????????????????'msg':?'[TIME?:?%s]\r\n[?SYSTEM?]?:?%s\r\n'?%?(ctime(),?"模式切換成功,現(xiàn)在是"?+?msg)
????????????}),?cs)
????????else:
????????????self.send_to({
????????????????'type':?'ignore',
????????????????'success':?False,
????????????????'msg':?'切換失敗'
????????????},?cs)

????def?single_chatting(self,?cs,?nickname,?msg):
????????if?nickname?in?self.__user_name_to_socket:
????????????msg?=?'[TIME?:?%s]\r\n[?%s?CHATTING?TO?%s?]?:?%s\r\n'?%?(
????????????????ctime(),?self.__socket_to_user_name[cs],?nickname,?msg)
????????????self.send_to_list(json.dumps({
????????????????'type':?'single',
????????????????'msg':?msg
????????????}),?self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname],?cs)
????????else:
????????????self.send_to(json.dumps({
????????????????'type':?'single',
????????????????'msg':?'該用戶不存在'
????????????}),?cs)
????????print(nickname)

????def?send_to_list(self,?msg,?*cs):
????????for?i?in?range(len(cs)):
????????????self.send_to(msg,?cs[i])

????def?get_all_login_user_info(self):
????????login_list?=?"[?SYSTEM?]?ALIVE?USER?:?\r\n"
????????for?key?in?self.__socket_to_user_name:
????????????login_list?+=?self.__socket_to_user_name[key]?+?",\r\n"
????????return?login_list

????def?send_to(self,?msg,?cs):
????????if?cs?not?in?self.__socket_list:
????????????self.__socket_list.append(cs)
????????cs.sendall(bytes(msg,?'utf-8'))

????def?broadcast_system_msg(self,?msg):
????????data?=?'[TIME?:?%s]\r\n[?SYSTEM?]?:?%s\r\n'?%?(ctime(),?msg)
????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????'type':?'system_msg',
????????????'msg':?data
????????})
????????#?屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以獲得系統(tǒng)的群發(fā)信息
????????for?i?in?range(len(self.__socket_list)):
????????????if?self.__socket_list[i]?in?self.__socket_to_user_name:
????????????????self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js,?'utf-8'))

????def?broadcast(self,?msg,?cs):
????????data?=?'[TIME?:?%s]\r\n[%s]?:?%s\r\n'?%?(ctime(),?self.__socket_to_user_name[cs],?msg)
????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????'type':?'broadcast',
????????????'msg':?data
????????})
????????#?沒有的登陸的玩家無法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也沒辦法獲取信息
????????for?i?in?range(len(self.__socket_list)):
????????????if?self.__socket_list[i]?in?self.__socket_to_user_name?\
????????????????????and?self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:
????????????????self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js,?'utf-8'))


def?main():
????server?=?PyChattingServer()
????server.start_session()


main()

客戶端的實(shí)現(xiàn)

import?json
import?threading
from?socket?import?*

is_login?=?False
is_broadcast?=?True


class?ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):
????__buf?=?1024

????def?__init__(self,?cs):
????????super(ClientReceiveThread,?self).__init__()
????????self.__cs?=?cs

????def?run(self):
????????self.receive_msg()

????def?receive_msg(self):
????????while?True:
????????????msg?=?self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
????????????if?not?msg:
????????????????break
????????????js?=?json.loads(msg)
????????????if?js['type']?==?"login":
????????????????if?js['success']:
????????????????????global?is_login
????????????????????is_login?=?True
????????????????print(js['msg'])
????????????elif?js['type']?==?"ignore":
????????????????if?js['success']:
????????????????????global?is_broadcast
????????????????????if?is_broadcast:
????????????????????????is_broadcast?=?False
????????????????????else:
????????????????????????is_broadcast?=?True
????????????????print(js['msg'])
????????????else:
????????????????if?not?is_broadcast:
????????????????????print("[現(xiàn)在處于屏蔽模式]")
????????????????print(js['msg'])


class?ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):

????def?__init__(self,?cs):
????????super(ClientSendMsgThread,?self).__init__()
????????self.__cs?=?cs

????def?run(self):
????????self.send_msg()

????#?根據(jù)不同的輸入格式來進(jìn)行不同的聊天方式
????def?send_msg(self):
????????while?True:
????????????js?=?None
????????????msg?=?input()
????????????if?not?is_login:
????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'login',
????????????????????'msg':?msg
????????????????})
????????????elif?msg[0]?==?"@":
????????????????data?=?msg.split('?')
????????????????if?not?data:
????????????????????print("請(qǐng)重新輸入")
????????????????????break
????????????????nickname?=?data[0]
????????????????nickname?=?nickname.strip("@")
????????????????if?len(data)?==?1:
????????????????????data.append("?")
????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'sendto',
????????????????????'nickname':?nickname,
????????????????????'msg':?data[1]
????????????????})
????????????elif?msg?==?"/help":
????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'help',
????????????????????'msg':?None
????????????????})
????????????elif?msg?==?"/ls":
????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'ls',
????????????????????'msg':?None
????????????????})
????????????elif?msg?==?"/i":
????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????'type':?'ignore',
????????????????????'msg':?None
????????????????})
????????????else:
????????????????if?msg[0]?!=?'/':
????????????????????js?=?json.dumps({
????????????????????????'type':?'broadcast',
????????????????????????'msg':?msg
????????????????????})
????????????if?js?is?not?None:
????????????????self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js,?'utf-8'))


def?main():
????buf?=?1024
????#?改變這個(gè)的地址,變成服務(wù)器的地址,那么只要部署到服務(wù)器上就可以全網(wǎng)使用了
????address?=?("127.0.0.1",?12231)
????cs?=?socket(AF_INET,?SOCK_STREAM,?0)
????cs.connect(address)
????data?=?cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")
????if?data:
????????print(data)
????receive_thread?=?ClientReceiveThread(cs)
????receive_thread.start()
????send_thread?=?ClientSendMsgThread(cs)
????send_thread.start()
????while?True:
????????pass


main()

以上是用Python編寫簡(jiǎn)單的聊天程序教程的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。更多信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注PHP中文網(wǎng)其他相關(guān)文章！