Go的time包提供了處理時間和持續(xù)時間的功能，包括獲取當(dāng)前時間、格式化日期、計算時間差、處理時區(qū)、調(diào)度和休眠等操作。要獲取當(dāng)前時間，使用time.Now()獲取Time結(jié)構(gòu)體，並可通過Year()、Month()、Day()等方法提取具體時間信息；通過Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")可將時間格式化為字符串；計算時間差時，用Sub()或Since()獲取Duration對象，再通過Seconds()、Minutes()、Hours()轉(zhuǎn)換為對應(yīng)單位；添加或減去時間用Add()方法；處理時區(qū)可用UTC()獲取協(xié)調(diào)世界時，或用LoadLocation("時區(qū)名")加載指定時區(qū)後調(diào)用In()；解析時間字符串需用Parse()並提供與輸入匹配的時間佈局；實現(xiàn)延遲用Sleep()，週期性任務(wù)可用NewTicker()創(chuàng)建ticker並在goroutine中監(jiān)聽其通道，完成時停止ticker以釋放資源。

Working with time and durations in Go is straightforward thanks to the built-in time package. Whether you need to get the current time, format dates, calculate durations, or schedule events, this package has most of what you need.

Getting the Current Time

The first thing you usually want to do is get the current moment. In Go, that's as simple as calling time.Now() :

 now := time.Now()
fmt.Println(now)

This returns a Time struct that contains all the details—year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and even nanoseconds. You can extract individual components like this:

• now.Year()
• now.Month()
• now.Day()
• now.Hour() , etc.

If you're logging events or displaying timestamps, it's often useful to format the time in a readable way using a reference time:
Mon Jan 2 15:04:05 MST 2006 . That might look odd, but just remember—it's the specific moment Go uses for formatting:

 fmt.Println(now.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))

Calculating Time Differences with Duration

When you want to compare two moments or measure how much time has passed, use Sub() :

 start := time.Now()
// some operation
elapsed := time.Since(start) // or time.Now().Sub(start)

The result is a Duration , which represents the elapsed time between two points. It's measured in nanoseconds internally, but you can convert it into more usable units:

• elapsed.Seconds()
• elapsed.Minutes()
• elapsed.Hours()

You can also add or subtract durations from a time:

 later := now.Add(2 * time.Hour)

This is handy when scheduling events or simulating future/past times.

Working with Time Zones

By default, time.Now() gives you the local time, but sometimes you need to work with UTC or another time zone:

 utcNow := time.Now().UTC()

To parse or display time in a specific zone, you'll need to load the location first:

 loc, _ := time.LoadLocation("America/New_York")
nyTime := time.Now().In(loc)

Parsing time strings also requires specifying the layout and optionally the location:

 t, _ := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04", "2024-03-10 14:30")

Make sure your input string matches the format exactly, or parsing will fail.

Scheduling and Sleep

For delays or timing-based operations, time.Sleep() and time.Tick() are useful:

 time.Sleep(2 * time.Second) // pause execution

If you want something to happen periodically (like a heartbeat), use a ticker:

 ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
go func() {
    for t := range ticker.C {
        fmt.Println("Tick at", t)
    }
}()

Don't forget to stop the ticker when you're done to avoid resource leaks.

That's the basic toolkit for handling time and durations in Go. The time package covers most common scenarios without needing external libraries. Some things—like date math beyond days or complex timezone rules—might require extra care, but for the majority of applications, this should be enough to get started.

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