CSS Blend Modes is a tool that creates rich visual effects by mixing elements with content below them. Common patterns include multiply, screen, and overlay. They control the blending of elements with other content through mix-blend-mode, or the blending between background layers through background-blend-mode. When using it, you need to pay attention to performance, readability, browser compatibility and debugging difficulty. It is recommended to test simple colors first and then apply them to the project.
CSS Blend Modes is a tool that allows web elements to visually blend, a bit like the layer blending mode in Photoshop. They can integrate images, colors, backgrounds and other contents into each other, creating a richer visual layer and design sense.

What are CSS Blend Modes?
Simply put, CSS Blend Modes determines how an element "mixes" with what is below it. You can think of it as two sheets of paper stacked together, the one above is the current element, and the one below is the background or other element behind it. By setting different blending modes, the colors between the two sheets blend in different ways.
Common blend modes, such as multiply
, will darken the color, screen
will brighten the color, and overlay
can combine the characteristics of the two to form a stronger contrast effect.

How to use Blend Mode?
To use blend mode, you mainly rely on the two properties of mix-blend-mode
and background-blend-mode
.
-
mix-blend-mode
: Controls how the entire element is mixed with other content. -
background-blend-mode
: only affects the blending between multiple background layers of the element itself.
For example:

.box { background: url(image1.jpg), url(image2.jpg); background-blend-mode: lighten; }
This allows the two background images to be mixed in lighten
mode.
It should be noted that if you use mix-blend-mode
, it will affect the relationship between the element and other elements in the page, which may cause the text to be unclear or visually confusing, so be careful when using it.
What are the common types of Blend Mode?
Here are some commonly used blend mode types and their uses:
-
normal
: default mode, no mixing. -
multiply
: Multiply colors, suitable for overlaying textures or shadows. -
screen
: The colors are inverted and then multiplied and then reversed, which is often used for highlight effects. -
overlay
: combines the characteristics of multiply and screen to enhance contrast. -
darken
/lighten
: darken or lighten according to color choice. -
difference
: The larger the color difference, the more obvious it is, and it is suitable for inversion effect.
For example, if you want to make a text layer with a watermark, you can use mix-blend-mode: difference;
to make the text clearly visible in various backgrounds.
What should I pay attention to when using Blend Modes?
Although blend modes are cool, there are a few things to note when using:
- Performance issues : In some browsers, especially on mobile, turning on a large number of hybrid modes may affect rendering performance.
- Readability risk : If you add a blending mode to the text, it may make the text difficult to read, especially when the background is complicated.
- Browser compatibility : Mainstream browsers support it, but may behave inconsistently in some older versions.
- Debugging difficulty : The effect after mixing is sometimes difficult to predict and requires repeated attempts to adjust.
It is recommended to use a simple color to test the effect before using it, and then apply it to the real project after confirming it meets expectations.
Basically that's it. Blend Modes is a powerful but easily misused feature. Mastering it well can improve visual expression, but you should also pay more attention to details and user experience.
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