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Home php教程 php手冊 實(shí)例學(xué)習(xí)PHP之意見信箱篇

實(shí)例學(xué)習(xí)PHP之意見信箱篇

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:02 AM
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當(dāng)使用者在參觀網(wǎng)頁時,有時想 Email Webmaster 但是再執(zhí)行 Email 程式總是方使,使用者在按下 mailto:abc@abc.abc.tw 還要花段時間打開自己這兒的 Outlook 豈不麻煩。這時,若是 Homepage 能提供寫信的功能就太酷了。同時意見信箱還是以提醒或者要求使用者一定要填入哪些資料,這對資料倉儲而言,也是了解客戶的最好方法。
整個意見信箱其實(shí)就像 Outlook 或者其它電子郵件軟體,開啟寄發(fā)新郵件的功能,不同的地方在于使用 Outlook 時,寄件人是固定的,而要填上收件人的地址;而網(wǎng)站上的意見信箱,收件人幾乎都是 Webmaster,反而是要填上寄件人的電子郵件地址。當(dāng)然另一個不同之處是 Outlook 處理寄信的動作;而意見信箱是由 Web 伺服器處理使用者發(fā)送的信件。

更進(jìn)階的設(shè)計(jì)后,甚至可以變成 Web Mail,像 HotMail 般,只要用瀏覽器就可以在任何地方用任何電腦收發(fā)信件。

當(dāng)然,也可以做進(jìn)階的設(shè)計(jì),將使用者的意見儲放在資料庫中,留待日后整理成更有用的資料。不過這就不是這節(jié)要討論的部份了。

UNIX 的系統(tǒng)中,大部份和電子郵件有關(guān)的問題都和 sendmail 有關(guān),除非系統(tǒng)管理員較偏執(zhí),才會用其它的系統(tǒng)。因此,意見信箱的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā),也是使用 sendmail 來達(dá)成所需要的功能。而 WindowsNT 系統(tǒng)中,由于沒有 sendmail 程式,需要另行符費(fèi)購買,或使用其它的郵件派送軟體,因此本節(jié)程式無法在 WindowsNT 系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行。

程式的流程如下

送出填寫意見的表格到使用者的瀏覽器上。
使用者填好后送出資料到伺服器。
伺服器將使用者填的資料整理后,存入檔案。
利用 UNIX 的管道指令及 sendmail 程式將意見送給系統(tǒng)管理人員。
伺服器通知使用者意見已送出。
以下就是完整的范例程式




意見信箱


php

$mailto="yourname@hahaha.com.tw";

if (($topic!="") and ($Email!="") and ($body!="")) {
$tmpfilename = tempnam("/tmp", "dm");
$fp = fopen($tmpfilename, "w");

fwrite($fp, "From: ".$Email."\n");
fwrite($fp, "Subject: ".$topic." 訪客來信>\n\n");
fwrite($fp, $body."\n\n");
fwrite($fp, "
送信人:".$sender."\n");
fwrite($fp, "
發(fā)信IP:".$REMOTE_ADDR."\n");
fclose($fp);

$execstr="cat ".$tmpfilename." │ /usr/lib/sendmail ".$mailto;
exec($execstr);

$execstr="echo $sender $REMOTE_HOST >> /var/log/mail.log";
exec($execstr);
echo "
信件已送出?。”菊竟ぷ魅藛T盡快處理您的問題

br

>br>br>br>br>";
} else {
?>

method=post>

tr>tr>
tr>tr>
主題 tr>
tr>
姓名 tr>
tr>
Email tr>
tr>
colspan=2>內(nèi)容br>textarea cols=26 rows=10 name=body>textarea> colspan=2>
送出">



}
?>




程式在 PHP 處理剖析時,先判斷使用者是否填入資料。若沒有資料則送出意見表單給使用者,若有資料則表示使用者已輸入相關(guān)的資料,則進(jìn)行處理。

處理的原則是先將使用者填寫的資料寫入暫存檔案中,但為了防止多使用者同時填寫意見時,會造成檔案被覆蓋,因此需要每次都有不同的暫存檔,這個問題可以使用 tempnam() 函式來解決,用來建立獨(dú)一無二的臨時檔。 在檔名的問題處理完后,利用 PHP 提供的檔案處理功能,將使用者填寫的資料寫入方才建立的檔案中。將檔案關(guān)閉就初步完成。即使資料沒有郵寄出去,系統(tǒng)仍能保存意見檔案。值得注意的是,若存放在 /tmp 中,有些 UNIX 的系統(tǒng) ( SUN Solaris) 會在重新啟動系統(tǒng)時遺失這些資料,而有些則不會 ( Slackware Linux),這方面可能要先規(guī)劃好,要保存的話需要存在不會被清掉的目錄下。

UNIX
中最強(qiáng)的功能就是管道,可以利用管道來處理寄信的動作,如下

cat tmpfilename │ /usr/lib/sendmail wilson@biglobe.net.tw

這個指令的意思為將檔案送給管道彼端的 sendmail 程式,而 sendmail 將該檔案寄給 wilson@biglobe.net.tw。因此可利用本管道指令將意見寄給 Webmaster 或是客服部門的人員。若要寄給多人,可利用 mailing list 或是多用幾次寄信的管道指令。

PHP 程式中要使用 UNIX 的程式或者外部指令,可以使用 exec() 函式來做。寄完信后,通知使用者已經(jīng)在處理了,就完成了意見處理的初步工作。當(dāng)然之后要如何處理,就不是 PHP 書中所能討論的。

當(dāng)然執(zhí)行寄信的方式不只一種,可以利用 mail() 函式來寄信,亦可利用 UNIX 的網(wǎng)路 socket 來做,所謂戲法人人會變,巧妙各有不同。



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