The requests library is used to call the API. The steps include: 1. Install requests; 2. Start a GET request and print status code and JSON data; 3. Add parameters and headers; 4. Handle errors and timeout, add timeout to prevent jamming, raise_for_status() checks the status code, and catch HTTPError, ConnectionError, Timeout and other exception types; 5. The core process is to send a request → look at the status code → parse the result → handle exceptions.
Calling APIs in Python is actually not difficult, especially common operations like GET requests. The following example uses the requests library, which is one of the most commonly used libraries in Python to initiate HTTP requests.
Preparation: Install requests
If you haven't installed this library yet, you can install it with pip first:
pip install requests
After you have installed it, you can start writing code.
Initiate a basic GET request
For example, we want to call a public API, such as http://www.miracleart.cn/link/27e9efa7a852bcaa4d9fe0791d2d37b1 , which will return the data of a fake article. Python code can be written like this:
import requests response = requests.get('http://www.miracleart.cn/link/27e9efa7a852bcaa4d9fe0791d2d37b1') print(response.status_code) print(response.json())
This code does three things:
- A GET request was initiated
- The status code was printed (200 means successful)
- Convert the return result to JSON format and print it out
If you see something like this in the output:
{
"userId": 1,
"id": 1,
"title": "sunt aut facere repellet provider",
"body": "quia et suscipit..."
}That means your request has been successful.
Add parameters and headers (optional)
Some APIs require you to bring parameters or set headers, such as adding User-Agent or authentication information. You can write this way:
params = {
'page': 2,
'limit': 10
}
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'MyApp/1.0'
}
response = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts', params=params, headers=headers) Here are two parameters page and limit , which will be automatically spliced ??behind the URL and become:
https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts?page=2&limit=10
Headers are some additional information sent to the server. Some websites will check the User-Agent, and if they are not included, access may be denied.
Handling errors and timeouts
Network requests are not successful every time, so it is best to add exception handling:
try:
response = requests.get('http://www.miracleart.cn/link/27e9efa7a852bcaa4d9fe0791d2d37b1', timeout=5)
response.raise_for_status() # If the status code is not 200, an exception will be thrown except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as errh:
print(f"Http Error: {errh}")
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as errc:
print(f"Error Connecting: {errc}")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as errt:
print(f"Timeout Error: {errt}")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
print(f"OOps: Something Else {err}")The point is:
- Add
timeoutparameter to prevent program from getting stuck - Use
raise_for_status()to actively check the status code - Category capture of different types of exceptions to facilitate troubleshooting
Basically that's it. It seems that there are many steps, but the real core is the sentence requests.get() . Others are "insurance" added for stability and fault tolerance. Just remember: Send a request → read the status code → parse the result → handle exceptions , and after this process, you can deal with most simple scenarios.
The above is the detailed content of Simple Python API call example. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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