Web pages developed using HTML5 and CSS3 should follow semantic tags, reasonable layout, responsive design and compatibility processing. 1. Use semantic tags such as
When writing web pages, HTML5 and CSS3 are the two most commonly used tools. If used well, the page structure is clear and the style is beautiful; if used poorly, the code may be chaotic and the compatibility may be poor. Here are a few more important practices in actual development, which can help you write more stable and easier to maintain code.

Use semantic labels to make the structure clearer
HTML5 adds a lot of semantic tags, such as <header></header>
, <nav></nav>
, <main></main>
, <article></article>
, <footer></footer>
, etc. These tags not only make your HTML easier to read, but also help with SEO and accessibility.
- Stop using div all : In the past, many people are used to using a bunch of to build structures, but now there are better choices.
- Reasonable nesting : For example, there can be
<header></header>
and<footer></footer>
in<article></article>
, but do not over-neck it and keep it simple.- Note the default style : The browser has some default styles for these tags, which sometimes affect the layout. You can reset it with CSS.
For example, if you make a blog post page, you can organize it like this:
<article> <header> <h1>Article Title</h1> <p>Author: Zhang San</p> </header> <section> <p>Body content...</p> </section> <footer> <p>Published in April 2024</p> </footer> </article>
Use Flexbox and Grid to make a reasonable layout
CSS3 provides two modern layouts, Flexbox and Grid, which are more powerful and easier to control than traditional float and position.
- Flexbox is suitable for one-dimensional layouts : such as navigation bar, button group, vertical centering, etc.
- Grid is suitable for two-dimensional layouts : such as complex grid systems and dashboard interfaces.
- Don't mix it up too complicated : Although both are powerful, nesting too many layers will increase the cost of understanding.
For example, if you want to make a horizontal and vertical centered box, it is very simple to use Flexbox:
.container { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }
And if you want to make a two-column layout with fixed width on the left and adapted to the right, Grid will be more suitable:
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr; }
Use media queries to achieve responsive design
Today's websites need to be adapted to various devices, and responsive design is almost standard. Media queries in CSS3 are the basis for realizing responsiveness.
- Mobile priority : first write styles for small screens, and then gradually enhance the large screen experience.
- Set appropriate breakpoints : Common breakpoints are 768px, 992px, and 1200px, which can be adjusted according to the project.
- Avoid duplication logic : You can put the public style outside and only cover the difference part in the media query.
For example, you could write a basic responsive navigation bar like this:
nav { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } @media (min-width: 768px) { nav { flex-direction: row; } }
This way, it is arranged vertically on the phone and becomes horizontally on the tablet.
Pay attention to browser compatibility and progressive enhancement
Although HTML5 and CSS3 are widely supported, you should still pay attention to the compatibility issues of different browsers in actual use.
- Use Can I Use to check compatibility : for example
grid
,flex-wrap
,object-fit
and other features may have problems in old browsers. - Provide a fallback solution : If a new feature is not supported, try to give an available alternative.
- Use Autoprefixer to automatically add prefixes : This way you don't have to manually write
-webkit-
or-moz-
.
For example, when you use
object-fit: cover
, IE does not support it. You can consider using background images instead, or give users a prompt.
Basically all of this is it. Although HTML5 and CSS3 are powerful, they still need to pay attention to the method when used. The key is to have a clear structure, reasonable layout and good compatibility.
- Reasonable nesting : For example, there can be
The above is the detailed content of Best practices for HTML5 and CSS3. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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