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Table of Contents
1. Insecure Deserialization
2. SQL Injection
3. Sensitive Data Exposure
4. Improper Access Control
Home Java javaTutorial What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?

What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?

Jul 10, 2025 pm 01:51 PM
Vulnerability prevention java security

Java security issues mainly include unsafe deserialization, SQL injection, sensitive information leakage and improper permission control. 1. Unsafe deserialization may trigger arbitrary code execution, and deserialization of untrusted data, using whitelisting mechanisms, or alternative formats such as JSON should be avoided. 2. SQL injection can be prevented by parameterized queries, precompiled statements and ORM frameworks. 3. Sensitive information leakage needs to be protected through log desensitization, encryption configuration, exception handling and HTTPS. 4. Improper permission control may lead to overprivileged access. Authentication, RBAC, server authentication should be enforced and unpredictable resource identifiers should be used. Developers' good coding habits and security awareness are the key to ensuring the security of Java applications.

What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?

Java is a widely used programming language, especially in enterprise-level applications. But because of its wide use, it has become a key target for attackers. If you do not pay attention to security coding specifications, it is easy to introduce vulnerabilities. The following are some common Java security issues and solutions.

What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?

1. Insecure Deserialization

Deserialization refers to the process of restoring a stream of bytes to an object. If this process processes untrusted data, the attacker may construct malicious input and execute arbitrary code.

Common phenomena:

What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?
  • Use ObjectInputStream.readObject() to deserialize user input
  • There is no whitelisting restriction on deserialized classes

Suggested practices:

  • Try to avoid deserializing data from untrusted sources
  • Use the whitelisting mechanism to control deserialized classes
  • Consider safer alternatives such as structured data formats such as JSON or Protobuf
  • New features like Serializable Whitelist Filters can be used to enhance control

2. SQL Injection

This is one of the most common web security issues. The attacker bypasses the query logic by constructing malicious input, thereby accessing or tampering with database content.

What are common Java security vulnerabilities and how to prevent them?

Common phenomena:

  • Directly splicing SQL query strings
  • User input is not checked or escaped

Suggested practices:

  • Use precompiled statements instead of splicing SQL
  • Parameterized all user inputs
  • Using ORM frameworks (such as Hibernate, MyBatis), they have the ability to prevent injection
  • Add input verification logic, such as allowing only inputs in specific formats

For example:

 String query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?";
PreparedStatement stmt = connection.prepareStatement(query);
stmt.setString(1, userInput); // Parameterized assignment

3. Sensitive Data Exposure

Many Java applications expose sensitive data in logs, exception information or configuration files, such as passwords, keys, tokens, etc.

Common phenomena:

  • Print user password or token in log
  • Sensitive information in the configuration file is not encrypted
  • The exception stack information is returned to the front-end user

Suggested practices:

  • Use the log desensitization tool or manually filter sensitive fields
  • Sensitive configurations use encrypted storage and decrypt at runtime
  • Customize exception handling logic to avoid exposing detailed error information to the client
  • Use HTTPS to transfer data to avoid the transfer of sensitive information in plain text

4. Improper Access Control

Permission control is the core link in ensuring system security. Failure to control the access of roles and resources may lead to overprivileged access.

Common phenomena:

  • The interface does not perform identity authentication and authentication
  • Only use the front end to hide the button to control access
  • The resource ID is directly exposed in the URL, lack of permission verification

Suggested practices:

  • All interfaces should be authorized to be authenticated (Authentication)
  • Use Spring Security or Shiro to implement role-based access control (RBAC)
  • Each request should check on the server whether the current user has permission to access the target resource.
  • Use UUID or other unpredictable identifiers instead of self-increment IDs to prevent enumeration attacks

Basically that's it. Java's security not only depends on the framework itself, but more on the developer's coding habits and security awareness. Some problems may seem simple, but they are easily overlooked in actual projects. Maintaining updates, continuous audits, and rationally designing permission models are the key to preventing risks.

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