There are four ways to create objects in JavaScript, which are suitable for different scenarios. 1. Object literals are suitable for quickly defining small and simple objects; 2. The constructor is used to create multiple objects with the same structure, but the methods will be created repeatedly; 3. Object.create() is suitable for implementing inheritance based on existing objects; 4. The ES6 class provides clearer object-oriented writing, suitable for large projects and inheritance operations. Choosing the right method can improve code efficiency and maintenance.
There are many ways to create objects in JavaScript, each suitable for different usage scenarios. The following introduces several common methods of creating objects, and explains their application and precautions.
1. Use object literals
This is the easiest and most common way to create objects. Suitable for quickly defining a simple object.
const person = { name: 'Alice', age: 25, greet: function() { console.log('Hello, my name is ' this.name); } };
Tips:
- The attribute name can be a string or an identifier (recommended identifier).
- Method abbreviation method starts with ES6 to support:
greet() { console.log('Hello'); }
This method is suitable for creating small objects with clear structures at one time, such as configuration items, data models, etc.
2. Use the Constructor Function
When you need to create multiple objects with the same structure, you can use the constructor.
function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.greet = function() { console.log('Hi, I am ' this.name); }; } const p1 = new Person('Bob', 30);
Notice:
- The constructor must be called using the
new
keyword. - Each time an object is created with a constructor, the method is recreated once, which can be a waste of memory.
If you want methods to be shared instead of having one for each instance, you can hang the method on the prototype:
Person.prototype.greet = function() { console.log('Hi from prototype'); };
3. Use Object.create()
method
This method is used to create new objects based on existing objects, which are suitable for inheritance or creating objects with specific prototypes.
const animal = { speak() { console.log(this.sound); } }; const dog = Object.create(animal); dog.sound = 'Woof'; dog.speak(); // Output Woof
Features:
- The prototype of the new object points to the incoming object.
- More flexible and suitable for prototype-oriented programming mode.
4. Use class (ES6 Class)
ES6 introduces class syntax to make object-oriented writing closer to traditional language styles, but is essentially a prototype-based mechanism.
class Car { constructor(brand) { this.brand = brand; } showBrand() { console.log(this.brand); } } const myCar = new Car('Tesla');
suggestion:
- The writing of the class is clearer and suitable for organizing large-scale projects.
- Inheritance can be achieved using
extends
, which is more intuitive.
Basically these common ways. It is important to choose the right method in different scenarios:
- Simple Requirements → Object Literal
- Multiple similar objects → constructor/class
- Inheritance or prototype operation required →
Object.create()
or class inheritance
What is not complicated but easy to ignore is that only by understanding the prototype mechanism behind these methods can we write more efficient and easy-to-maintain code.
The above is the detailed content of How to create an object in JavaScript?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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