Foto von Patric Ho

Diese pr?gnante Anleitung ordnet Python-Code-Smells den entsprechenden Design-Pattern-L?sungen zu.

class CodeSmellSolutions:
    DUPLICATED_CODE = [
        "form_template_method",
        "introduce_polymorphic_creation_with_factory_method",
        "chain_constructors",
        "replace_one__many_distinctions_with_composite",
        "extract_composite",
        "unify_interfaces_with_adapter",
        "introduce_null_object",
    ]
    LONG_METHOD = [
        "compose_method",
        "move_accumulation_to_collecting_parameter",
        "replace_conditional_dispatcher_with_command",
        "move_accumulation_to_visitor",
        "replace_conditional_logic_with_strategy",
    ]
    CONDITIONAL_COMPLEXITY = [  # Complex conditional logic
        "replace_conditional_logic_with_strategy",
        "move_emblishment_to_decorator",
        "replace_state_altering_conditionals_with_state",
        "introduce_null_object",
    ]
    PRIMITIVE_OBSESSION = [
        "replace_type_code_with_class",
        "replace_state_altering_conditionals_with_state",
        "replace_conditional_logic_with_strategy",
        "replace_implict_tree_with_composite",
        "replace_implicit_language_with_interpreter",
        "move_emblishment_to_decorator",
        "encapsulate_composite_with_builder",
    ]
    INDECENT_EXPOSURE = [  # Lack of information hiding
        "encapsulate_classes_with_factory"
    ]
    SOLUTION_SPRAWL = [  # Scattered logic/responsibility
        "move_creation_knowledge_to_factory"
    ]
    ALTERNATIVE_CLASSES_WITH_DIFFERENT_INTERFACES = [  # Similar classes, different interfaces
        "unify_interfaces_with_adapter"
    ]
    LAZY_CLASS = [  # Insufficient functionality
        "inline_singleton"
    ]
    LARGE_CLASS = [
        "replace_conditional_dispatcher_with_command",
        "replace_state_altering_conditionals_with_state",
        "replace_implict_tree_with_composite",
    ]
    SWITCH_STATEMENTS = [  # Complex switch statements
        "replace_conditional_dispatcher_with_command",
        "move_accumulation_to_visitor",
    ]
    COMBINATION_EXPLOSION = [  # Similar code for varying data
        "replace_implicit_language_with_interpreter"
    ]
    ODDBALL_SOLUTIONS = [  # Multiple solutions for same problem
        "unify_interfaces_with_adapter"
    ]

Refactoring-Beispiele in Python

Dieses Projekt übersetzt Refactoring-Beispiele aus Refactoring to Patterns (Joshua Kerievsky) in Python. Jedes Beispiel zeigt Original- und überarbeiteten Code und hebt Verbesserungen hervor. Der Refactoring-Prozess umfasste die Interpretation von UML-Diagrammen und die Anpassung des Java-Codes an die Nuancen von Python (Verwaltung zyklischer Importe und Schnittstellen).

Beispiel: Compose-Methode

Das ?Compose Method“-Refactoring vereinfacht komplexen Code durch Extrahieren kleinerer, aussagekr?ftigerer Methoden.

# Original (complex) code
def add(element):
    readonly = False
    size = 0
    elements = []
    if not readonly:
        new_size = size + 1
        if new_size > len(elements):
            new_elements = []
            for i in range(size):
                new_elements[i] = elements[i]  # Potential IndexError
            elements = new_elements
        size += 1
        elements[size] = element # Potential IndexError

# Refactored (simplified) code
def is_at_capacity(new_size, elements):
    return new_size > len(elements)

def grow_array(size, elements):
    new_elements = [elements[i] for i in range(size)] # List comprehension for clarity
    return new_elements

def add_element(elements, element, size):
    elements.append(element) # More Pythonic approach
    return len(elements) -1

def add_refactored(element):
    readonly = False
    if readonly:
        return
    size = len(elements)
    new_size = size + 1
    if is_at_capacity(new_size, elements):
        elements = grow_array(size, elements)
    size = add_element(elements, element, size)

Beispiel: Polymorphismus (Testautomatisierung)

Dieses Beispiel demonstriert Polymorphismus in der Testautomatisierung und abstrahiert den Testaufbau für die Wiederverwendbarkeit.

# Original code (duplicate setup)
class TestCase:
    pass

class DOMBuilder:
    def __init__(self, orders): pass
    def calc(self): return 42

class XMLBuilder:
    def __init__(self, orders): pass
    def calc(self): return 42

class DOMTest(TestCase):
    def run_dom_test(self):
        expected = 42
        builder = DOMBuilder("orders")
        assert builder.calc() == expected

class XMLTest(TestCase):
    def run_xml_test(self):
        expected = 42
        builder = XMLBuilder("orders")
        assert builder.calc() == expected

# Refactored code (polymorphic setup)
class OutputBuilder:
    def calc(self): raise NotImplementedError

class DOMBuilderRefac(OutputBuilder):
    def calc(self): return 42

class XMLBuilderRefac(OutputBuilder):
    def calc(self): return 42

class TestCaseRefac:
    def create_builder(self): raise NotImplementedError
    def run_test(self):
        expected = 42
        builder = self.create_builder()
        assert builder.calc() == expected

class DOMTestRefac(TestCaseRefac):
    def create_builder(self): return DOMBuilderRefac()

class XMLTestRefac(TestCaseRefac):
    def create_builder(self): return XMLBuilderRefac()

Beispiel: Besuchermuster

Das Besuchermuster entkoppelt Klassen von ihren Methoden.

# Original code (conditional logic in TextExtractor)
class Node: pass
class LinkTag(Node): pass
class Tag(Node): pass
class StringNode(Node): pass

class TextExtractor:
    def extract_text(self, nodes):
        result = []
        for node in nodes:
            if isinstance(node, StringNode): result.append("string")
            elif isinstance(node, LinkTag): result.append("linktag")
            elif isinstance(node, Tag): result.append("tag")
            else: result.append("other")
        return result

# Refactored code (using Visitor)
class NodeVisitor:
    def visit_link_tag(self, node): return "linktag"
    def visit_tag(self, node): return "tag"
    def visit_string_node(self, node): return "string"

class Node:
    def accept(self, visitor): pass

class LinkTagRefac(Node):
    def accept(self, visitor): return visitor.visit_link_tag(self)

class TagRefac(Node):
    def accept(self, visitor): return visitor.visit_tag(self)

class StringNodeRefac(Node):
    def accept(self, visitor): return visitor.visit_string_node(self)

class TextExtractorVisitor(NodeVisitor):
    def extract_text(self, nodes):
        result = [node.accept(self) for node in nodes]
        return result

Fazit

Dieser praktische, praktische Ansatz zum Erlernen von Designmustern durch Refactoring verbessert das Verst?ndnis erheblich. Die Herausforderungen bei der übersetzung des Codes festigen das theoretische Wissen.

Das obige ist der detaillierte Inhalt vonPython: Refactoring zu Mustern. Für weitere Informationen folgen Sie bitte anderen verwandten Artikeln auf der PHP chinesischen Website!