JavaScript開(kāi)發(fā)中，選擇合適的包管理工具至關(guān)重要。NPM是默認(rèn)且最廣泛使用的工具，適合大多數(shù)項(xiàng)目；Yarn提供更快的安裝和更現(xiàn)代的界面；PNPM則優(yōu)化了磁盤(pán)空間和安裝速度，適合多項(xiàng)目或存儲(chǔ)受限的環(huán)境。1. NPM適合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)發(fā)流程；2. Yarn適合追求快速與確定性安裝的用戶；3. PNPM適合重視性能與磁盤(pán)效率的團(tuán)隊(duì)。最終選擇應(yīng)基于項(xiàng)目需求與團(tuán)隊(duì)偏好。

When it comes to modern JavaScript development, package management is a must-know topic. Whether you're building a small utility or a large-scale application, you’ll rely on external libraries and tools. That’s where NPM, Yarn, and PNPM come in — they help you manage dependencies efficiently. Choosing the right one can make a real difference in your workflow and project performance.

What Exactly Is a JavaScript Package Manager?

A package manager in JavaScript is a tool that helps you install, update, configure, and manage dependencies for your projects. These dependencies are usually open-source libraries or tools published to a central registry (like npm registry). The three main players are:

• NPM – The default and most widely used package manager.
• Yarn – Developed by Facebook as a faster and more reliable alternative.
• PNPM – A newer tool that optimizes disk space and installation speed.

Each has its own way of handling packages and dependencies, but they all aim to simplify the development process.

Why You Should Care About Performance and Disk Usage

One of the main differences between these tools is how they handle node_modules. NPM and Yarn both copy or symlink dependencies into each project, which can take up a lot of space when you have multiple projects. PNPM, on the other hand, uses a clever approach: it stores packages in a global store and hard links them into your project. This means:

• Less disk space used across projects
• Faster installs once the global store has the packages
• No duplication of the same package version across projects

If you're working on a machine with limited storage or managing many projects, PNPM can be a real space saver.

How to Choose Between NPM, Yarn, and PNPM

The choice often comes down to your specific needs and team preferences. Here’s a quick breakdown:

• Stick with NPM if you want the default option that works out of the box with most tools and tutorials. It’s solid and widely supported.
• Go with Yarn if you want a more modern interface, faster installs (especially with Yarn 2 ), and better deterministic installs using a yarn.lock file.
• Try PNPM if you care about performance and disk usage. It's becoming more popular in larger teams and monorepo setups.

Also consider your ecosystem. Some tools or frameworks may have better integration with one over the others. For example, some templates default to NPM, while others like Nx or Turborepo work well with PNPM.

Basic Commands: What You Need to Know

While each tool has its own syntax, most basic commands are similar:

• Install all dependencies:
  npm install / yarn install / pnpm install

• Install a new package:
  npm install package-name / yarn add package-name / pnpm add package-name

• Remove a package:
  npm uninstall package-name / yarn remove package-name / pnpm remove package-name

• Update packages:
  npm update / yarn upgrade / pnpm update

One small but handy PNPM feature is that it supports pnpm dlx, which lets you run CLI tools without installing them globally — useful for one-off tasks.

Final Thoughts

It's not about which tool is the best overall — it's about what works best for your project and team. NPM is the standard, Yarn brings some nice quality-of-life improvements, and PNPM offers performance gains that can really add up. Give them each a try and see which one feels right.

基本上就這些。

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