在Yii框架中保存數(shù)據(jù)到數(shù)據(jù)庫時，主要通過ActiveRecord模型實現(xiàn)。1. 創(chuàng)建新記錄需實例化模型、加載數(shù)據(jù)并驗證后保存；2. 更新記錄需先查詢已有數(shù)據(jù)再賦值保存；3. 使用load()方法進行批量賦值時需在rules()中標記安全屬性；4. 保存關聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)時應使用事務確保一致性。具體步驟包括：實例化模型后用load()填充數(shù)據(jù)，調用validate()驗證，最后執(zhí)行save()持久化；更新時則先獲取記錄再賦值；涉及敏感字段時要限制mass assignment；保存關聯(lián)模型時應結合beginTransaction()和try-catch處理異常，保證數(shù)據(jù)完整性。

When you need to save data to the database using Yii models, the process is pretty straightforward. You mainly work with ActiveRecord models, which handle most of the heavy lifting for you. The key lies in understanding how to prepare your model, validate input, and persist changes to the database.

Creating a New Record

To insert new data into the database, you start by instantiating a new model. This typically looks like:

$model = new YourModelName();

Then, assign values to its attributes. A common way to do this is by using the load() method with data from a form submission:

$model->load(Yii::$app->request->post());

Before saving, it's a good idea to run validation to make sure the data meets the rules defined in your model (like required fields or format checks):

if ($model->validate()) {
    $model->save();
}

If you're handling file uploads or more complex logic, you might need to add extra steps before calling save(). Just remember: always check if validation passes first to avoid invalid data being stored.

Updating an Existing Record

Updating data follows a similar pattern, but you start by fetching the existing record. For example:

$model = YourModelName::findOne($id);

Once you have the model instance, you can either assign values manually:

$model->attribute = 'new value';

Or again use load() to populate multiple fields at once. After that, just call save() again:

if ($model->load(Yii::$app->request->post()) && $model->validate()) {
    $model->save();
}

One thing to note: when updating, some fields may be restricted based on scenarios or rules. Make sure your model allows modifications to the fields you're trying to update.

Handling Mass Assignment Safely

Yii uses a feature called mass assignment through the load() method, which pulls data from user input and fills model attributes automatically. However, not all attributes should be open to this kind of update — for example, you probably don’t want users changing IDs or admin flags directly.

That’s where the rules() method in your model comes in handy. By specifying which attributes are safe for mass assignment, you protect sensitive fields. Here’s how it looks:

• In your model:

  public function rules()
  {
      return [
          [['username', 'email'], 'safe'],
          // other rules...
      ];
  }

Only attributes marked as 'safe' will be included when you call load(). If you want to skip validation entirely (not recommended), you can use:

$model->attributes = $_POST['YourModelName'];

But this skips security checks, so use it carefully.

Saving Related Data

Sometimes you’ll need to save related records at the same time — for example, saving a user and their profile in one go. Yii makes this possible using transactions and relationships.

Here’s a basic flow:

• Load both models from POST data
• Validate both
• Wrap the saves in a transaction to ensure consistency

$transaction = Yii::$app->db->beginTransaction();
try {
    if (!$userModel->save() || !$profileModel->save()) {
        throw new \Exception('Failed to save one of the models');
    }
    $transaction->commit();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $transaction->rollBack();
    throw $e;
}

This ensures that either both records are saved, or none — avoiding partial updates that could break your app.

And that’s basically it. Saving data in Yii using models isn't complicated once you get the hang of it, but there are a few small details (like validation and safe attributes) that can trip you up if you’re not careful.

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