Laravel 提供了多種高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證技術(shù)，包括使用自定義規(guī)則對(duì)象封裝復(fù)雜邏輯、利用表單請(qǐng)求重用驗(yàn)證規(guī)則、通過 sometimes 方法實(shí)現(xiàn)條件驗(yàn)證以及結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)庫規(guī)則進(jìn)行唯一性檢查。首先，通過 make:rule 創(chuàng)建自定義規(guī)則類并在 passes() 和 message() 方法中定義邏輯，可實(shí)現(xiàn)如年齡限制等復(fù)雜驗(yàn)證；其次，使用 make:request 創(chuàng)建表單請(qǐng)求類將驗(yàn)證邏輯獨(dú)立出來并在控制器中直接注入，提升代碼組織結(jié)構(gòu)；第三，調(diào)用 sometimes() 方法根據(jù)輸入值動(dòng)態(tài)決定是否對(duì)某字段進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，適用于動(dòng)態(tài)表單場(chǎng)景；最后，借助 Rule::unique() 并調(diào)用 ignore() 方法排除當(dāng)前模型 ID，避免更新時(shí)誤判唯一性，還可結(jié)合 where() 添加額外查詢條件。這些方法共同提升了 Laravel 應(yīng)用的可維護(hù)性和健壯性。

Validating data properly is one of the most important parts of building a solid Laravel application. While basic validation gets you started, there are more advanced techniques that can help make your forms smarter, cleaner, and more secure.

Custom Rule Objects for Complex Logic

Sometimes, validation rules go beyond checking if an email is required or a password is long enough. For example, you might need to validate that a user's birthdate makes them at least 18 years old — something that can’t cleanly be handled with inline rules.

That’s where custom rule objects come in handy. You can create a reusable rule using the make:rule Artisan command:

php artisan make:rule MinimumAgeRule

Inside the generated class, you define the logic in the passes() and message() methods. Then you can use it like this in a form request or controller:

use App\Rules\MinimumAgeRule;

$request->validate([
    'birthdate' => ['required', new MinimumAgeRule(18)],
]);

This keeps your validation logic clean and separated from your controllers or form requests.

Using Form Requests for Reusable Validation Logic

When you find yourself repeating the same validation across multiple places, form requests become super useful. They’re custom request classes that encapsulate all the validation logic for a specific form or API endpoint.

To create one:

php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest

In the generated class, set the validation rules in the rules() method and control access via the authorize() method. Then, type-hint it in your controller:

public function store(StoreUserRequest $request)
{
    // The data is already validated here
}

This helps organize complex validation into dedicated files and avoids cluttering your controllers.

Conditional Validation with sometimes

There are times when a field should only be validated under certain conditions. For example, if a user selects "Other" as their gender, you might want them to fill out a text field explaining it.

Laravel gives you the sometimes() method in the validator builder for these cases. Here's how it works:

$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), [
    'gender' => 'required',
]);

$validator->sometimes('gender_other', 'required|max:255', function ($input) {
    return $input->gender === 'other';
});

It takes three arguments:

• The field name to conditionally validate
• The validation rules
• A closure that returns true or false based on input

This is especially helpful in dynamic forms where fields appear or disappear based on user input.

Leveraging Database Rules for Unique Checks

When validating unique values like emails or usernames, you usually don’t want to block updates just because the current value hasn't changed. Laravel provides a neat way to ignore the current model's ID during a uniqueness check.

For example:

'email' => Rule::unique('users', 'email')->ignore($user->id),

You can also chain extra conditions, like ignoring soft-deleted entries:

'email' => Rule::unique('users')->where(function ($query) {
    return $query->whereNull('deleted_at');
})->ignore($user->id),

This prevents false errors when editing existing records and ensures the validation behaves correctly even after deletions.

These advanced validation techniques in Laravel help keep your codebase clean, readable, and maintainable. Whether it’s breaking down complex logic into reusable rules, organizing validation into form requests, or handling conditional checks smartly, each method plays a role in making your app more robust. Basically, it's about knowing which tool fits best for each situation — and not trying to force everything into the same mold.

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