媒體查詢通過檢測(cè)設(shè)備特性來應(yīng)用不同樣式，實(shí)現(xiàn)響應(yīng)式設(shè)計(jì)。其核心是檢查屏幕寬度、高度、分辨率等條件，滿足時(shí)應(yīng)用對(duì)應(yīng)樣式，如@media (max-width: 768px)改變字體大?。怀Ｒ娪猛景ㄕ{(diào)整布局、字體、隱藏元素等；使用時(shí)應(yīng)避免指定具體設(shè)備、使用相對(duì)單位、合并相同查詢、考慮窗口縮放適應(yīng)性。

Media queries in CSS are a powerful tool that lets you apply different styles based on the characteristics of the device or browser displaying the content. They’re most commonly used for responsive web design — making sure your site looks good whether it’s viewed on a phone, tablet, or desktop.

Here’s how they work and when you’d want to use them.

How Media Queries Actually Work

At their core, media queries check conditions like screen width, height, resolution, or orientation. If those conditions are met, the styles inside the query get applied.

A basic example:

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  body {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}

This means “if the screen is 768px wide or narrower, make the font size smaller.” You can also chain multiple conditions together, like checking both min and max width, or checking if it's a print stylesheet.

Some common conditions include:

• max-width / min-width
• max-height / min-height
• orientation (portrait or landscape)
• resolution (for high DPI screens)
• prefers-color-scheme (light or dark mode)

When to Use Them in Real Projects

Most modern websites use media queries to adjust layout, typography, spacing, and even hide or show elements depending on screen size.

For example:

• On mobile: stack columns vertically, increase tap targets, simplify navigation
• On desktop: expand menus, add more columns, use larger fonts or images

They’re especially useful when building mobile-first designs. Start with base styles for small screens, then layer on enhancements for bigger devices using min-width.

You might also use them to:

• Adjust font sizes for readability
• Change grid layouts between devices
• Hide non-critical elements on small screens
• Optimize images or video embeds

Common Mistakes and Tips

It’s easy to overdo it or miss some key points when starting out. Here are a few things to watch for:

• Don’t target specific devices, like "iPhone 12" or "Samsung Galaxy S23." Instead, focus on breakpoints based on your layout needs.
• Use relative units like em, rem, or % instead of fixed pixels for better flexibility.
• Test in real browsers, not just simulators. Some behaviors differ slightly across platforms.
• Avoid duplicate media queries — group related styles together rather than scattering them through your CSS.
• Consider using CSS variables inside media queries to keep things maintainable.

Also, remember that users might resize their browser window, so your layout should adapt smoothly, not break unexpectedly.

That’s the basics of how media queries work and why they matter. They're not complicated, but they take practice to use well.

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