在Go語言中，可以通過將函數(shù)字面量作為參數(shù)傳遞給其他函數(shù)來使用，前提是其簽名與接收函數(shù)期望的參數(shù)類型匹配。1. 函數(shù)是Go中的頭等公民，可作為參數(shù)傳遞；2. 傳遞時必須確保參數(shù)和返回值的類型與接收函數(shù)的要求完全一致；3. 可以直接在函數(shù)調(diào)用中定義并傳遞匿名函數(shù)，適用于簡短的回調(diào)或一次性邏輯塊；4. 也可以先將函數(shù)字面量賦值給變量，以提高可讀性或復用性；5. 常見用例包括HTTP處理程序中的回調(diào)、自定義排序、庫的配置選項以及高階函數(shù)內(nèi)部的邏輯封裝。

In Go, you can pass a function literal (also known as an anonymous function) directly as an argument to another function, provided the signature of the function literal matches the expected parameter type. Here's how to do it effectively.

Understanding Function Types in Go

Before passing a function literal, it's important to understand that functions in Go are first-class citizens — they can be assigned to variables, passed as arguments, and even returned from other functions.

When you're passing a function literal as an argument, you need to make sure its signature (input and output types) matches what the receiving function expects.

For example:

func process(fn func(int) int) {
    fmt.Println(fn(5))
}

Here, process expects a function that takes an int and returns an int.

So this would work:

process(func(x int) int {
    return x * 2
})

This is valid because the anonymous function matches the required signature.

Passing Anonymous Functions Inline

You can define and pass the function literal directly inside the function call. This is especially useful for short callbacks or one-off logic blocks.

A common use case might look like:

doOperation(func(a, b int) int {
    return a   b
})

Where doOperation is defined as:

func doOperation(op func(int, int) int) {
    result := op(3, 4)
    fmt.Println(result)
}

This keeps your code concise when the function logic is simple and only used once.

Make sure:

• The number and types of parameters match exactly.
• Return types also match what the function expects.
• You don’t accidentally miss a signature detail, which will cause a compile-time error.

Assigning Function Literals to Variables First

Sometimes, you might want to assign the function literal to a variable before passing it. This can improve readability if the function body is longer or if you plan to reuse it elsewhere.

Example:

multiply := func(x, y int) int {
    return x * y
}

result := calculate(multiply)

Assuming calculate has a matching signature like:

func calculate(fn func(int, int) int) int {
    return fn(6, 7)
}

This approach gives you more flexibility and reusability without repeating the same logic.

Practical Use Cases

Function literals are commonly used in Go for:

• Callbacks in HTTP handlers
• Custom sorting with sort.Slice
• Configuration options in libraries
• Encapsulating logic within higher-order functions

For instance, using sort.Slice:

names := []string{"banana", "apple", "cherry"}
sort.Slice(names, func(i, j int) bool {
    return len(names[i]) < len(names[j])
})

Here, we’re passing a function literal to control how the slice is sorted — no need to define a separate named function.

That’s the basic idea. It's not complicated, but it does require attention to function signatures.

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