安裝PHPUnit并配置項目環(huán)境；2. 創(chuàng)建測試目錄結(jié)構(gòu)并與源代碼對應(yīng)；3. 編寫?yīng)毩⒌臏y試用例，使用斷言驗證結(jié)果；4. 使用mock對象隔離外部依賴；5. 經(jīng)常運行測試以確保代碼質(zhì)量。首先通過Composer安裝PHPUnit并配置phpunit.xml文件，接著創(chuàng)建tests目錄存放測試類，每個測試類繼承TestCase并編寫test開頭的方法進行測試，利用assertEquals等斷言驗證邏輯正確性，針對外部依賴使用createMock模擬行為，最后定期執(zhí)行vendor/bin/phpunit命令運行測試并集成到CI流程中以提升代碼穩(wěn)定性。

You just start writing them — once you've got PHPUnit set up, it's about breaking your code into small testable pieces and checking they behave as expected. The key is to focus on one thing at a time, keep tests simple and fast, and make sure they fail before they pass (so you know they're actually testing something).

Set Up PHPUnit in Your Project

Before writing tests, you need PHPUnit installed. Most modern PHP projects use Composer, so run:

composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit

Then create a phpunit.xml file in your project root. A basic version might look like this:

<phpunit bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="My Test Suite">
            <directory>tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
</phpunit>

This tells PHPUnit where to find your test files and how to autoload your classes.

If you’re using a framework like Laravel or Symfony, they often come with PHPUnit already configured — so double-check before setting up manually.

Structure Your Tests Properly

Create a tests folder in your project, and inside it, mirror the structure of your source code. For example, if you have a class in src/Calculator.php, put its test in tests/CalculatorTest.php.

PHPUnit test classes should extend PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase. Each public method starting with test will be treated as a separate test case.

Here’s what a basic test might look like:

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class CalculatorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testAddition()
    {
        $calculator = new Calculator();
        $result = $calculator->add(2, 3);
        $this->assertEquals(5, $result);
    }
}

• Use $this->assertEquals() to check expected values.
• You can also use $this->assertTrue(), $this->assertNull(), etc., depending on what you're testing.

Try to write tests that are independent — one test failing shouldn’t cause others to fail too.

Mock Dependencies to Keep Tests Focused

When your class uses external services (like a database or an API), you don’t want your tests hitting real systems every time. That’s where mocks come in.

PHPUnit has built-in support for creating mock objects. Here’s an example:

public function testFetchDataFromApi()
{
    $mockApi = $this->createMock(ApiClient::class);

    // Tell the mock to return a specific value when getData() is called
    $mockApi->method('getData')->willReturn(['id' => 1]);

    $service = new DataService($mockApi);
    $data = $service->fetchAndProcess();

    $this->assertEquals(1, $data['id']);
}

Some tips:

• Only mock what you need — don't overdo it.
• Avoid mocking too many methods; that usually means your class is doing too much.
• If you find yourself needing to test private methods, consider refactoring — unit tests should focus on public behavior.

Run Your Tests Often

Once your tests are written, run them regularly using:

vendor/bin/phpunit

This helps catch regressions early. You can even integrate PHPUnit into your Git hooks or CI pipeline (like GitHub Actions or GitLab CI) to automate it.

If a test fails, read the output carefully — PHPUnit usually tells you exactly what went wrong and which line needs fixing.

That’s basically it. Writing unit tests with PHPUnit isn’t complicated, but it does take discipline. Start small, test the core logic first, and build from there.

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