Python的venv模塊可創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境，有效管理項(xiàng)目依賴。步驟為：1. 使用“python -m venv env”在項(xiàng)目目錄中創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境；2. 根據(jù)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行“source env/bin/activate”（macOS/Linux）或“env\Scripts\activate”（Windows）激活環(huán)境；3. 激活后使用pip安裝包，如“pip install requests”，并通過“pip freeze > requirements.txt”保存依賴列表；4. 退出環(huán)境時(shí)運(yùn)行“deactivate”。每個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)單獨(dú)創(chuàng)建并命名環(huán)境以保持隔離，并確保激活后再操作，避免誤裝至全局環(huán)境。

Creating virtual environments in Python using venv is a straightforward and essential practice for managing dependencies and keeping your projects clean. Here’s how to do it properly without overcomplicating things.

Setting Up Your Virtual Environment

To get started, you don’t need anything fancy—just Python installed on your system (version 3.3 or higher). The built-in venv module handles the rest.

Open your terminal or command prompt and navigate to your project directory. Then run:

python -m venv env

This creates a new folder called env (you can name it whatever you like) that contains the virtual environment files. It sets up a fresh copy of Python and the pip package manager isolated from your global Python setup.

A few notes:

• On Windows, the structure inside the env folder will look a bit different than on macOS/Linux.
• Make sure to add env/ to your .gitignore if you're using version control.

Activating the Virtual Environment

Once the environment is created, you need to activate it before installing packages or running scripts.

On macOS/Linux:

source env/bin/activate

On Windows:

env\Scripts\activate

After activation, your terminal prompt should change to show the active environment name (like (env)), indicating that any Python commands you run now will use this environment instead of the global one.

If you ever want to exit the virtual environment, just type:

deactivate

And you’re back to the global Python context.

Installing Packages Inside the Environment

With the environment activated, you can install packages normally using pip. For example:

pip install requests

These packages will only be available inside this virtual environment, not globally. This isolation helps avoid version conflicts between different projects.

You can also:

• Use pip freeze > requirements.txt to save your current package list
• Later install them with pip install -r requirements.txt

This is especially useful when sharing your project or deploying it somewhere else.

Managing Multiple Projects

It's common to have multiple Python projects, each needing its own set of dependencies. Using separate virtual environments keeps everything organized.

Here's a quick routine:

• Create a new environment for each project
• Name it consistently, like projectname_env
• Keep it inside the project folder
• Activate it whenever you work on that project

This way, you’ll never accidentally mix up versions or dependencies across different apps.

One thing people often forget: always check which environment is active before installing anything. It’s easy to accidentally install into the global Python space if you forget to activate.

That's basically it. Using venv is simple once you know the basic commands, but it makes a huge difference in keeping your Python projects clean and manageable.

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