在Linux中，可以通過管道將命令輸出傳遞給sort命令進(jìn)行排序，基本格式為command | sort，例如ls -l | sort可按字母順序排序文件列表，ls -lh | sort -k5可根據(jù)文件大小排序；若需數(shù)值排序，如按CPU使用率對進(jìn)程排序，可使用ps aux | sort -nk 3，添加-r參數(shù)則實現(xiàn)降序排列；對于自定義排序，可通過-t指定字段分隔符、-k指定排序字段，例如cut -d: -f1,3 /etc/passwd | sort -t: -k2可按用戶ID排序用戶名及UID信息，同時支持多字段排序，如sort -t: -k2n -k1實現(xiàn)先按數(shù)值后按字母的復(fù)合排序。

You can sort the output of a command in Linux by piping it into the sort command. This is one of the most common and powerful techniques when working with command-line tools.

Sorting basic command output

Most commands that produce text-based output can be sorted using this format:

command | sort

For example, if you're listing files with ls -l, you might want to sort them alphabetically or by size:

• Alphabetical (default):

  ls -l | sort

• By file size (from smallest to largest):

  ls -lh | sort -k5

Here, -k5 tells sort to use the fifth column (file size) as the key.

Note: The ls -lh format shows human-readable sizes (like 4.0K, 20M), which can affect sorting accuracy. If you need precise numeric sorting, consider using ls -l without -h.

Sorting numerically

By default, sort compares lines lexicographically (like in a dictionary). But when dealing with numbers, especially in columns, you’ll want to add the -n option:

ps aux | sort -nk 3

This sorts all running processes by CPU usage (column 3) in numerical order.

If you want descending order instead, just add -r:

ps aux | sort -nrk 3

Useful for quickly finding top resource-consuming processes.

Sorting based on custom keys

Sometimes you may only care about specific parts of a line — like a username from /etc/passwd or disk usage from df. You can define custom sort keys using -t (field separator) and -k (which field to sort by).

Example:

cut -d: -f1,3 /etc/passwd | sort -t: -k2

This lists usernames and their numeric user IDs, then sorts them by UID.

Breaking it down:

• cut selects fields 1 (username) and 3 (UID), separated by colon (-d:)
• sort uses colon again as the delimiter and sorts by the second field (UID)

You can also sort by multiple keys. For instance, to sort first by field 2 numerically, then by field 1 alphabetically:

sort -t: -k2n -k1

This kind of fine-grained control makes sort extremely flexible for structured data.

基本上就這些。Sorting command output isn’t complicated once you understand how sort works with input and fields — but it’s easy to overlook some of its more powerful options until you really need them.

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