Three methods of offline transactions include: 1. Use hardware storage: prepare hardware storage, generate transaction information, and transmit it to the networked device for broadcasting through physical media after offline signature. 2. Sign offline transactions: Generate and sign transactions on offline devices, and broadcast them on networked devices after exporting. 3. QR code transaction: Generate a QR code containing transaction information, and the other party scans and confirms the transaction.

• Use hardware storage :
  • Prepare a hardware storage and make sure its firmware is the latest version. Hardware storage is a physical device specially designed to store private keys of digital currency, such as Ledger, Trezor, etc.
  • In an environment without the Internet, use hardware storage to generate transaction information. For example, if a user wants to send a certain amount of digital currency to others, he needs to enter the recipient's address, transaction amount and other information in the hardware storage.
  • Transfer transaction information through physical media, such as a USB drive, to devices that have access to the network.
  • On the networked device, broadcast transaction information to the blockchain network to complete the transaction.
• Sign off-line transactions :
  • On a device that is not connected to the internet, use digital currency storage software to generate transactions. For example, open the storage application on an offline computer or mobile phone and enter transaction-related information, such as the sending amount, the payee's address, the transaction fee, etc.
  • Sign the transaction using the stored private key to prove that the transaction was initiated by a legitimate user. The signature process is done through hardware storage or offline storage of your private key function in software.
  • Export the signed transaction information into a file, which can usually be transmitted to other devices through USB, Bluetooth, etc.
  • The exported transaction files are broadcast on devices that can be connected to the network, allowing them to enter the blockchain network for confirmation and recording.
• QR code transaction :
  • The initiator of the transaction uses digital currency to store and generates a QR code containing transaction information, including the address of the payee, the transaction amount, the address of the payer, etc.
  • The transaction recipient uses a device that supports digital currency scanning (such as a mobile phone storage application) to scan the QR code to obtain transaction details.
  • After the receiver confirms that the transaction information is correct, performs corresponding operations in his own storage to complete the transaction. If the payer generates a QR code, the payer scans and confirms the receipt; if the payer generates a QR code, the payer scans and performs the payment operation.

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