牛刀小試Oracle之ORACLE 11GR2 RAC安裝配置--先決配置階段

基于VMwarevCenter Server中的Linux RedHat 6.4 安裝Oracle 11GR2 11.2.0.4 RAC集群

1.網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃

其中public和private要劃分到不同的網(wǎng)段。保證安全傳輸

[root@Zracnode1~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.2.13.80 zracnode1

10.2.13.81 zracnode2

10.2.13.82 zracnode1-vip

10.2.13.83 zracnode2-vip

10.2.12.140 zracnode1-priv

10.2.12.141 zracnode2-priv

10.2.13.142 zrac-scan

10.2.13.143 zrac-scan

10.2.13.144 zrac-scan

2.操作系統(tǒng)設(shè)置

*.安裝的操作系統(tǒng)是LinuxRedhat 6.4

*.磁盤劃分配置

磁盤目錄	磁盤大小
/	30GB
swap	16GB
/u01	100GB

3.共享磁盤設(shè)置

共享磁盤配置有多種方式，nfs，磁盤陣列直接映射劃分，我這里采用的是通過vmware vCenter server上的共享磁盤技術(shù)，操作步驟如下：

3.1. 需要對SCSI 控制器，進(jìn)行配置。對總線配置為[物理]模式。參數(shù)解釋如下：

選項(xiàng)	描述
無	其他虛擬機(jī)不能共享虛擬磁盤。
虛擬	同一臺服務(wù)器上的虛擬機(jī)可以共享虛擬磁盤。
物理	任何服務(wù)器上的虛擬機(jī)均可共享虛擬磁盤。

3.2 新建SCSI controller 1控制器，并設(shè)置相關(guān)參數(shù)，VmwarevCenter操作頁面如下：

3.3 新建硬盤，硬盤類型為[Thick provision eager zeroed].并且設(shè)置virtual Device Node為[SCSI(1:0)].在設(shè)置磁盤模式為[Independent-Persistent].操作頁面如下：

3.4 添加已存在磁盤，在ZRAC02節(jié)點(diǎn)上面，添加磁盤。操作頁面如下：

4. 安裝RAC

4.1 先決條件

4.1.1 yum配置

掛載鏡像配置yum

mount -oloop -t iso9660 /u01/software/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso /u01/iso

[root@Zracnode1u01]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

[Server]

name=Server

baseurl=file:///u01/iso

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///u01/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

4.1.2 vnc配置

VNC在Linux上的安裝

#yuminstall tigervnc-server

#vncserver #該命令在服務(wù)器端啟動一個VNC進(jìn)程。允許一個

VNC View連接進(jìn)來；如果需要多個View連接到服務(wù)器，需要多次執(zhí)行上述命令；

Password: # 為了不想任何人都可以任意遙控此計(jì)算機(jī)。因此當(dāng)?shù)?次啟動VNC server時，會要求設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)遙控的密碼。

Verify: # 驗(yàn)證密碼；

進(jìn)入root主目錄下的.vnc隱含目錄, 找到 xstartup文件并編輯：

# cd/root/.vnc

# vi xstartup

# twm& （注釋掉該行）

startkde& （添加該行）

# killallXvnc

#vncserver

4.2 配置/etc/hosts文件（所有節(jié)點(diǎn)）

[root@rac01network-scripts]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomainlocalhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.2.13.80 Zracnode1

10.2.13.81 Zracnode2

10.2.13.82 Zracnode1-vip

10.2.13.83 Zracnode2-vip

10.2.13.140 Zracnode1-priv

10.2.13.141 Zracnode2-priv

10.2.13.142 Zrac-scan

4.3 添加組合用戶(所有節(jié)點(diǎn))

groupadd -g500 oinstall

groupadd -g501 dba

groupadd -g502 oper

groupadd -g503 asmadmin

groupadd -g504 asmoper

groupadd -g505 asmdba

useradd -goinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

useradd -goinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid

檢測用戶oracle和grid

[root@rac1~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle)gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper),505(asmdba)

[root@rac1~]# id grid

uid=501(grid)gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(oper),503(asmadmin),504(asmoper),505(asmdba)

對用戶oracle和grid設(shè)置密碼

[root@rac1~]# passwd oracle

[root@rac1~]# passwd grid

4.4.建立目錄(所有節(jié)點(diǎn))

mkdir/u01/app

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/

mkdir -p/u01/app/oraInventory

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/oraInventory/

mkdir -p/u01/app/grid

mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle

chown -Rgrid:oinstall /u01/app/grid/

chown -Roracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/grid/

chmod -R 775/u01/app/oracle/

4.5. 修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)(所有節(jié)點(diǎn))

[root@rac01~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# for oracle11g

fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576

fs.file-max =6815744

kernel.shmall= 2147483648

kernel.shmmax= 68719476736

kernel.shmmni= 4096

kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default= 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max= 1048586

使修改參數(shù)立即生效：

[root@rac01~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

[root@rac01~]# /etc/security/limits.conf

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

[root@rac01~]# /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

[root@rac01 ~]#/etc/profile

if [ $USER ="oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

4.6 .禁用防火墻和SELINUX(所有節(jié)點(diǎn))

serviceiptables stop

chkconfigiptables off

chkconfigiptables --list

setenforce 0

sed -i's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

4.7 .檢查安裝包

rpm -q --qf'%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \

compat-libstdc++-33\

elfutils-libelf\

elfutils-libelf-devel\

gcc \

gcc-c++ \

glibc \

glibc-common\

glibc-devel \

glibc-headers\

ksh \

libaio \

libaio-devel\

libgcc \

libstdc++ \

libstdc++-devel\

make \

sysstat \

unixODBC \

4.8 .配置用戶環(huán)境變量(grid和oracle用戶_所有節(jié)點(diǎn))

grid用戶：

[grid@rac01 ~]# vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1/+ASM2

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/11.2

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

oracle用戶：

[oracle@rac01 ~]# vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=racdb1/racdb2

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2/db_1

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

4.9. ASM磁盤組規(guī)劃&分區(qū)

4.9.1 使用fdisk劃分磁盤，如下：

[root@rac01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

劃分效果如下：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux //CRS1 900M

/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 83 Linux //CRS2 900M

/dev/sdb3 265 396 1060290 83 Linux //CRS3 900M

/dev/sdb4 397 13054 101675385 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 397 3008 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA1 30GB

/dev/sdb6 3009 5620 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA2 30GB

/dev/sdb7 5621 8232 20980858+ 83 Linux //DATA3 30GB

/dev/sdb8 8233 9538 10490413+ 83 Linux //REC1 30GB

/dev/sdb9 9539 13054 28242238+ 83 Linux //REC2 30GB

4.9.2 安裝asm

[root@rac02software]# rpm -ivh kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning:kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, keyID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:kmod-oracleasm ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac02 software]# rpm -ivhoracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm:Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [100%]

[root@rac02 software]# rpm -ivhoracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning:oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key IDec551f03: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:oracleasmlib ###########################################[100%]

4.9.3 配置asm

RAC01執(zhí)行下列操作:

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

Default user to own the driver interface[]: grid

Default group to own the driver interface[]: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot(y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n)[y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driverconfiguration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLibdisks: [ OK ]

RAC02執(zhí)行下列操作:

[root@rac02 software]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

Default user to own the driver interface[]: grid

Default group to own the driver interface[]: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot(y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n)[y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driverconfiguration: done

Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]

Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLibdisks: [ OK ]

以下操作在rac其中一個節(jié)點(diǎn)上進(jìn)行，我在rac1上操作

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS1 /dev/sdb1

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS2 /dev/sdb2

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk CRS3 /dev/sdb3

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA1 /dev/sdb5

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA2 /dev/sdb6

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk DATA3 /dev/sdb7

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk REC1 /dev/sdb8

[root@rac1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk REC2 /dev/sdb9

以下操作在另一個節(jié)點(diǎn)上進(jìn)行，RAC2上操作

[root@rac02 software]# oracleasm scandisks

Reloading disk partitions: done

Cleaning any stale ASM disks...

Scanning system for ASM disks...

[root@Zracnode2 software]# oracleasmlistdisks

CRS1

CRS2

CRS3

DATA1

DATA2

DATA3

REC1

REC2

4.10.grid和oracle用戶配置SSH互信

為ssh和scp創(chuàng)建連接

ls -l /usr/local/bin/ssh

ls -l /usr/local/bin/scp

不存在則創(chuàng)建

[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/ssh/usr/local/bin/ssh

[root@rac01 ~]# /bin/ln -s /usr/bin/scp/usr/local/bin/scp

為grid用戶配置SSH：

在每個節(jié)點(diǎn)上：

[root@rac01 ~]# su – grid

[grid@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh

[grid@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa

在節(jié)點(diǎn)1上：

[grid@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat/home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys

[grid@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keysrac02:/home/grid/.ssh/

分別在每個節(jié)點(diǎn)上:

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL

[grid@rac01 ~]# ssh-add

為oracle用戶配置SSH：

在每個節(jié)點(diǎn)上：

[root@rac01 ~]# su – oracle

[oracle@rac01 ~]# mkdir ~/.ssh

[oracle@rac01 ~]#cd .ssh

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa

在節(jié)點(diǎn)1上：

[oracle@rac01 ~]# touch authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> authorized_keys

[oracle@rac01 ~]# scp authorized_keysrac02:/home/oracle/.ssh/

分別在每個節(jié)點(diǎn)上:

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac01 date

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh rac02 date

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-agent $SHELL

[oracle@rac01 ~]# ssh-add

4.11.配置NTP

[root@rac01 ~]#vi /etc/ntp.conf

...

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org

#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org

#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org

server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

#server127.127.1.0 # local clock

#fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

[root@rac01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpd

# Drop root to id 'ntp:ntp' by default.

OPTIONS="-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid"

# Set to 'yes' to sync hw clock aftersuccessful ntpdate

SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes

# Additional options for ntpdate

NTPDATE_OPTIONS=""

啟動

[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig ntpd on

[root@rac01 ~]# service ntpd start

[root@rac01 ~]# ntpdate -d -u xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

啟用name service cache daemon

[root@rac01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 nscdon

[root@rac01 ~]# service nscd restart

-----------后面兩個階段，分別是GI安裝和oracle安裝，未完待續(xù)！~