Python支持多繼承，允許子類從多個(gè)父類繼承方法和屬性。當(dāng)存在多個(gè)父類時(shí)，Python通過MRO（方法解析順序）確定調(diào)用哪個(gè)父類的方法；MRO遵循C3線性化規(guī)則，可通過.mro()查看。例如，class C(A, B)的MRO為[C, A, B]，調(diào)用C().do_it()將執(zhí)行A中的方法。若需同時(shí)運(yùn)行A和B的方法，可顯式調(diào)用。多繼承適用於組合不同行為，常見模式是使用mixin類實(shí)現(xiàn)特定功能擴(kuò)展。如LoggerMixin添加日誌功能，DatabaseSaver實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)保存，UserManager繼承二者以復(fù)用功能。但要注意名稱衝突問題：1.保持父類職責(zé)單一且不重疊；2.必要時(shí)顯式調(diào)用指定方法；3.避免不必要的覆蓋；4.理解MRO機(jī)制，不盲目依賴默認(rèn)行為。合理使用多繼承可提升代碼靈活性與模塊化，但需謹(jǐn)慎處理潛在衝突。

Multiple inheritance in Python lets a class inherit from more than one parent class. This means the child class can use methods and properties from all its parent classes, which is pretty handy when you want to combine behaviors from different sources.

How Python Resolves Method Calls (MRO)

When a method is called on a class with multiple parents, Python uses something called Method Resolution Order (MRO) to figure out which version of the method to run.

The MRO follows a rule known as C3 linearization , which gives a consistent order for searching base classes. You can check this order using the .mro() method or help() on a class.

For example:

 class A:
    def do_it(self):
        print("A")

class B:
    def do_it(self):
        print("B")

class C(A, B):
    pass

print(C.mro())
# Output: [<class &#39;C&#39;>, <class &#39;A&#39;>, <class &#39;B&#39;>, <class &#39;object&#39;>]

So when you call C().do_it() , it will run the version from class A because that's what comes first in the MRO.

If you want both versions to run, you can explicitly call them like A.do_it(self) and B.do_it(self) inside C .

Practical Use Cases for Multiple Inheritance

Multiple inheritance shines when you want to mix in reusable pieces of behavior without deep hierarchies.

One common pattern is using mixins — small classes that add specific functionality without being full-blown base classes.

Here's an example:

 class LoggerMixin:
    def log(self, message):
        print(f"Log: {message}")

class DatabaseSaver:
    def save(self, data):
        print(f"Saving: {data}")

class UserManager(LoggerMixin, DatabaseSaver):
    def add_user(self, user):
        self.log("Adding user")
        self.save(user)

In this case:

• UserManager gets logging and saving behavior
• Each parent does just one thing
• The code stays clean and focused

This makes your classes easier to test and reuse.

Watch Out for Name Conflicts

If two parent classes define the same method or attribute name, things can get confusing fast.

Here are some tips to avoid problems:

• Keep your parent classes focused and non-overlapping where possible
• Use explicit calls ( ParentClass.method(self) ) if you need a specific version
• Avoid overriding unless necessary
• Document how conflicts should be resolved

Also, don't rely too much on the default MRO behavior without understanding it — especially when working with large frameworks or complex class trees.

Final Thoughts

Python's support for multiple inheritance is powerful but needs careful handling. Used wisely — especially with mixins — it helps build flexible and modular code.

It's not always needed, but when it fits, it can save you from messy workarounds.

That's basically how it works.

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