Alertmanager 是Prometheus 生態(tài)中負(fù)責(zé)處理警報(bào)的組件，其核心作用是接收Prometheus 發(fā)送的警報(bào)，並進(jìn)行分組、去重、路由和通知。 1. 它防止警報(bào)氾濫，通過抑制重複警報(bào)避免信息過載；2. 將相關(guān)警報(bào)合併以便於處理；3. 根據(jù)標(biāo)籤智能路由至不同團(tuán)隊(duì)或工具；4. 支持在維護(hù)或已知故障期間靜默警報(bào)。例如，當(dāng)同一區(qū)域的多個(gè)服務(wù)器宕機(jī)時(shí)，Alertmanager 可將其合併為一條有意義的警報(bào)。其工作流程包括：Prometheus 觸發(fā)警報(bào)後發(fā)送給Alertmanager，後者根據(jù)配置進(jìn)行處理並通知指定接收者。配置主要通過YAML 文件定義接收者、路由樹及抑制規(guī)則等。常見註意事項(xiàng)包括測試路由配置、檢查抑制規(guī)則、合理設(shè)置時(shí)間間隔以及結(jié)合Grafana 或Loki 實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史警報(bào)追蹤。

Alertmanager is the component in the Prometheus ecosystem responsible for handling alerts sent by Prometheus servers. When Prometheus detects a problem based on your configured rules, it sends an alert to Alertmanager, which then takes care of grouping , deduplicating , routing , and notifying you about those alerts — typically via email, Slack, PagerDuty, or other notification channels.

Why You Need Alertmanager

Prometheus itself can trigger alerts, but it doesn't handle what happens after. That's where Alertmanager comes in. Without it, you'd just have raw alerts with no smart routing or grouping logic.

Here's why it's essential:

• Avoid alert spam : It suppresses duplicate alerts so you don't get flooded.
• Group alerts : Related issues are bundled together for easier triage.
• Route alerts smartly : Send different alerts to different teams or tools based on labels.
• Silence alerts when needed : Useful during maintenance or known outages.

For example, if 10 servers in the same region go down, you probably don't want 10 separate alerts. Alertmanager can group them into one meaningful alert.

How Alertmanager Works With Prometheus

The flow looks like this:

• Prometheus evaluates recording and alerting rules.
• When an alert rule condition is met, Prometheus sends the alert to Alertmanager.
• Alertmanager processes the alert according to its configuration:
  • Applies grouping: Combine similar alerts.
  • Handles deduplication: Ignore repeated alerts within a time window.
  • Routes the alert to the right receiver (Slack, email, etc.).
  • Can delay notifications temporarily using inhibition rules.

It's important to note that Alertmanager does not store alert data — it only manages the alert lifecycle once they're triggered.

Basic Configuration of Alertmanager

You configure Alertmanager using a YAML file (usually alertmanager.yml ). The main parts are:

• Receivers : Define who gets notified and how (eg, email addresses, webhook URLs).
• Routing tree : Determines which receiver gets which alert based on matchers like job name or instance label.
• Inhibit rules : Silence certain alerts when another alert is firing (eg, don't alert on app-level issues if the DB is already down).

A simple example:

 route:
  receiver: 'default-receiver'
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 3h

receivers:
- name: 'default-receiver'
  slack_configs:
  - api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/your/webhook/url'
    channel: '#alerts'

This routes all alerts to a Slack channel, groups them for 30 seconds before sending, and repeats every 3 hours if the issue persists.

Common Gotchas and Tips

• Misconfigured routing is a common source of missed alerts. Always test your route configurations.
• Use amtool (Alertmanager tool) to test your config and simulate alerts locally.
• Alerts might be silenced due to inhibition rules — check those if you're not seeing expected notifications.
• Time intervals like group_wait , group_interval , and repeat_interval need tuning based on your team's response speed.

Also, keep in mind that Alertmanager isn't meant for long-term alert tracking. If you need historical alert data or dashboards showing past alerts, consider integrating with Grafana or a logging system like Loki.

基本上就這些。

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