MongoDB Shell（mongosh）是一個基於JavaScript的命令行工具，用於與MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫交互。 1. 它主要用於連接MongoDB實例，可通過命令行啟動並支持本地或遠(yuǎn)程連接，如使用mongosh "mongodb srv://..."連接Atlas集群，並通過use切換數(shù)據(jù)庫。 2. 支持CRUD操作，包括插入、查詢、更新和刪除文檔，例如用insertOne()插入數(shù)據(jù)、find()查詢符合條件的數(shù)據(jù)。 3. 提供數(shù)據(jù)庫管理功能，如列出所有數(shù)據(jù)庫、查看集合、創(chuàng)建或刪除集合、獲取集合統(tǒng)計信息等。 4. 可編寫JavaScript腳本實現(xiàn)自動化任務(wù)，如批量更新數(shù)據(jù)，並能保存為.js文件執(zhí)行，適用於定時維護(hù)和批處理。

MongoDB Shell, now commonly referred to as mongosh , is a powerful command-line tool used for interacting with MongoDB databases. It's not just a simple terminal interface — it's built on JavaScript and offers a full scripting environment. This makes it ideal for database administration, query testing, and data manipulation tasks.

1. Connecting to MongoDB Instances

The primary function of mongosh is to connect to a running MongoDB instance, whether local or remote. You can start it from the command line by typing mongosh followed by optional connection parameters.

For example:

• To connect locally:

   mongosh

• To connect to a remote Atlas cluster:

   mongosh "mongodb srv://username:password@cluster-url"

Once connected, you can switch between databases using the use <database> command.

Pro tip: If you're connecting to a secured deployment, don't forget to include authentication credentials or configure them in your .mongoshrc file for convenience.

2. Querying and Manipulating Data

Mongosh lets you perform CRUD operations directly in the shell:

• Create : Insert documents using db.collection.insertOne() or insertMany() .
• Read : Query documents with db.collection.find() , optionally applying filters.
• Update : Modify existing documents with updateOne() or updateMany() .
• Delete : Remove documents using deleteOne() or deleteMany() .

Here's a quick example:

 // Insert a document
db.users.insertOne({ name: "Alice", age: 30 });

// Find all users older than 25
db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } });

You can also chain operators like $set , $inc , or $push during updates to precisely control how data changes.

3. Database Administration Tasks

Beyond basic queries, mongosh supports many administrative functions:

• List all databases:

   show dbs

• View collections in the current database:

   show collections

• Create or drop collections:

   db.createCollection("logs")
  db.logs.drop()

• Get stats about a collection:

   db.collection.stats()

It also allows you to manage indexes, monitor performance, and even run aggregation pipelines to analyze data patterns.

4. Scripting and Automation

Because mongosh uses JavaScript, you can write scripts that automate repetitive tasks. For example, you might loop through a set of documents and update them conditionally.

A simple script to increase everyone's score by 10:

 db.players.find().forEach(function(doc) {
  db.players.updateOne(
    { _id: doc._id },
    { $inc: { score: 10 } }
  );
});

You can save this to a .js file and run it via:

 mongosh your-db-name your-script.js

This is especially useful for batch processing or scheduled maintenance jobs.

That's what mongosh is all about — it's more than just a way to talk to MongoDB. It gives you fine-grained control over data, structure, and server behavior without needing a GUI. Once you get used to its syntax and capabilities, it becomes an essential part of any MongoDB workflow.

基本上就這些。

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