CLI PHP與Web PHP在配置文件、執(zhí)行環(huán)境、錯(cuò)誤處理和使用場(chǎng)景上存在關(guān)鍵差異。 1. 配置文件不同，CLI通常使用/etc/php/8.x/cli/php.ini，而Web PHP使用如/etc/php/8.x/apache2/php.ini，導(dǎo)致display_errors等設(shè)置可能不一致；2. 執(zhí)行環(huán)境不同，CLI運(yùn)行於終端用戶(hù)，Web PHP運(yùn)行於Web服務(wù)器用戶(hù)（如www-data），影響權(quán)限、環(huán)境變量及輸入輸出方式；3. 錯(cuò)誤處理方式不同，CLI默認(rèn)顯示詳細(xì)錯(cuò)誤信息，Web PHP可能將錯(cuò)誤記錄到日誌而非顯示在瀏覽器中；4. 使用場(chǎng)景不同，CLI適用於命令行任務(wù)如定時(shí)作業(yè)和單元測(cè)試，Web PHP用於處理HTTP請(qǐng)求和服務(wù)動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容。

When you're working with PHP, it's easy to assume that the language behaves the same whether you're running it from the command line or through a web server. But in practice, CLI PHP and Web PHP have some important differences that can affect how scripts behave, what configurations are active, and even how errors are handled.

Let's break down the key distinctions so you know what to expect when switching between environments.

Configuration Files Can Be Different

One of the first things you might notice is that CLI PHP often uses a different php.ini file than Web PHP.

• When you run PHP from the terminal using php , it typically loads a configuration file like /etc/php/8.x/cli/php.ini .
• When PHP runs via Apache or Nginx, it usually uses something like /etc/php/8.x/apache2/php.ini or /etc/php/8.x/fpm/php.ini .

This means settings like display_errors , error_reporting , or memory_limit might be set differently depending on which environment you're in.

? A common gotcha: You might not see errors displayed in the browser because display_errors is turned off in the web version, but it's enabled in the CLI version, so they show up in your terminal.

You can check which config file is being used by running:

 php --ini # for CLI

And in a script accessed through the web:

 <?php phpinfo();

Execution Context and Environment Variables Vary

CLI PHP runs in a shell environment, while Web PHP runs under the web server user (like www-data ).

This affects:

• File system permissions — scripts may have different access to files and directories.
• Environment variables — some variables available in the shell aren't present in the web context and vice versa.
• User interaction — CLI scripts can read input from the terminal ( fgets(STDIN) ), while web scripts rely on HTTP requests.

For example, if you're writing a script that needs to read user input or output progress bars, those features only make sense in the CLI world.

Also, paths can behave differently. Relative paths in web scripts are relative to the document root or current script path, while in CLI, they're relative to where you're running the script from.

Error Handling and Output Are Treated Differently

Error handling in CLI and Web PHP can lead to different behaviors, especially during debugging.

In CLI :

• Errors and notices are usually printed directly to the terminal.
• The default error reporting level tends to be more verbose.

In Web PHP :

• Errors might be logged to a file instead of shown in the browser.
• Settings like display_errors and log_errors determine what happens.

So if a script works fine in the terminal but shows a blank page in the browser, it's likely due to an error that's being suppressed or logged elsewhere.

? Tip: Always check the web server's error log if something isn't behaving as expected. In many setups, it'll be something like /var/log/apache2/error.log or /var/log/nginx/error.log .

Performance and Use Cases Aren't the Same

CLI PHP is great for tasks that don't involve HTTP requests:

• Cron jobs
• Data imports/exports
• Long-running processes
• Unit tests

Web PHP, on the other hand, handles:

• HTTP requests
• Serving dynamic content
• Managing sessions and cookies

Because CLI scripts don't go through the overhead of a web request, they can sometimes perform better for background processing.

Also, timeouts work differently. Web scripts often have a time limit (like 30 seconds by default), while CLI scripts can run indefinitely unless explicitly configured otherwise.

基本上就這些。 CLI 和Web PHP 的區(qū)別看似不大，但在實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)和調(diào)試中卻經(jīng)常帶來(lái)“為什麼這個(gè)環(huán)境下能跑那個(gè)環(huán)境下不行”的困惑。理解它們之間的差異，能幫你更高效地排查問(wèn)題，也能在寫(xiě)腳本時(shí)做出更合適的設(shè)計(jì)選擇。

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