std::move並不實(shí)際移動(dòng)任何東西，它只是將對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為右值引用，告知編譯器該對(duì)象可被用於移動(dòng)操作。例如在字符串賦值時(shí)，若類支持移動(dòng)語(yǔ)義，則目標(biāo)對(duì)象可接管源對(duì)象資源而無(wú)需複制。應(yīng)使用於需轉(zhuǎn)移資源且性能敏感的場(chǎng)景，如返回局部對(duì)象、插入容器或交換所有權(quán)時(shí)。但不應(yīng)濫用，因無(wú)移動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí)會(huì)退化為拷貝，且移動(dòng)後原對(duì)象狀態(tài)未指定。傳遞或返回對(duì)象時(shí)適當(dāng)使用可避免多餘拷貝，但如函數(shù)返回局部變量時(shí)可能已有RVO優(yōu)化，加std::move反而可能影響優(yōu)化。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)包括誤用在仍需使用的對(duì)象、不必要的移動(dòng)及對(duì)不可移動(dòng)類型使用?？傊?，std::move是提示而非執(zhí)行移動(dòng)，需理解其作用並合理使用。

std::move doesn't actually move anything. It's just a way to tell the compiler, “Hey, you can treat this object as temporary, feel free to steal its resources if needed.” Under the hood, it's a cast — nothing more.

What does std::move really do?

It casts an object to an rvalue reference. That's it. Once something is cast to an rvalue reference (like T&& ), the compiler considers it eligible for move operations.

For example:

 std::string a = "hello";
std::string b = std::move(a);

Here, a is treated as a temporary, and b can take over a 's internal buffer without copying — if the string class supports move semantics.

So, std::move enables moves but doesn't perform them directly. The actual move happens in the move constructor or move assignment operator of the type you're working with.

When should I use std::move ?

You should use it when you're done with an object and want to transfer its resources somewhere else — especially when performance matters.

Common scenarios:

• Returning a local object from a function.
• Inserting a temporary into a container.
• Swapping or transferring ownership between objects.

But don't overuse it. If a type doesn't have a proper move constructor, std::move will fall back to a copy. Also, after using std::move , the original object is still valid but in an unspecified state — don't rely on its value afterward.

How does it interact with containers and functions?

When passing or returning objects, using std::move can avoid unnecessary copies — but only when appropriate.

For example, returning a local vector:

 std::vector<int> make_big_vector() {
    std::vector<int> temp(1000000);
    return std::move(temp); // Not strictly needed here
}

In this case, the compiler might already apply Return Value Optimization (RVO), so std::move isn't necessary and could even prevent RVO in some cases.

Another example: inserting into a vector:

 std::vector<std::string> vs;
std::string s = "abc";
vs.push_back(std::move(s)); // Now s is moved, not copied

If you don't std::move , push_back will call the copy constructor. Using std::move tells it to use the move constructor instead.

What's easy to get wrong?

• Moving from something you still need: After moving, the object is still around but in a valid but unspecified state. Don't assume it's empty or has any specific value.
• Using std::move unnecessarily: Like in return statements where RVO applies, adding std::move can hurt performance.
• Trying to move non-movable types: If a class doesn't define move operations, std::move will just copy.

Also, be careful with generic code. Sometimes templates may deduce types incorrectly if you mix lvalues and rvalues unexpectedly.

So that's how std::move works — it's a signal, not an action. Use it where appropriate, understand what it enables, and let the compiler handle the rest.

基本上就這些。

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