要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建Go測(cè)試文件，需遵循命名規(guī)則並編寫符合規(guī)範(fàn)的測(cè)試函數(shù)。首先，測(cè)試文件名須以_test.go結(jié)尾，並與被測(cè)代碼在同一目錄下；其次，測(cè)試函數(shù)名以Test開(kāi)頭並接收*testing.T參數(shù)；接著，可使用表格驅(qū)動(dòng)方式測(cè)試多組數(shù)據(jù)；最後，通過(guò)go test命令運(yùn)行測(cè)試。例如，測(cè)試add函數(shù)時(shí)，定義TestAdd函數(shù)，使用結(jié)構(gòu)體切片存儲(chǔ)測(cè)試用例，在循環(huán)中執(zhí)行並驗(yàn)證每個(gè)案例，若結(jié)果不符則調(diào)用t.Errorf()報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤。

To create a test file in Go, like my_function_test.go , you just need to follow a few simple naming and structure rules that Go's testing framework expects. The process is straightforward once you know the conventions.

Use the Correct File Name

In Go, test files must end with _test.go . This tells the Go toolchain that the file contains test code. For example, if your main code is in my_function.go , then your test file should be named my_function_test.go .

• Place this file in the same package directory as the code it's testing.
• If you're testing an exported function (ie, one that starts with a capital letter), make sure it's accessible from the test file.

This naming convention helps keep your project organized and ensures that Go runs tests correctly.

Write a Basic Test Function

Inside your test file, define functions that start with Test followed by a descriptive name. These functions should take one argument: t *testing.T .

Here's a basic example:

 package main

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := add(2, 3)
    if result != 5 {
        t.Errorf("Expected 5, got %d", result)
    }
}

A few notes:

• Make sure to import "testing" .
• You can test any exported function — just call it and use methods like t.Errorf() to signal failures.
• If you're testing multiple cases, consider using a table-driven approach (more on that below).

Use Table-Driven Tests for Multiple Cases

One common pattern in Go is using a slice of struct values to test multiple inputs and expected outputs in a single test function.

Here's how that looks:

 func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a, b int
        expected int
    }{
        {2, 3, 5},
        {0, 0, 0},
        {-1, 1, 0},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        result := add(tt.a, tt.b)
        if result != tt.expected {
            t.Errorf("add(%d, %d): expected %d, got %d", tt.a, tt.b, tt.expected, result)
        }
    }
}

Why this works well:

• It keeps your test code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
• You can easily expand the test cases by adding more entries to the slice.
• Each case gets run independently, so you can see exactly which input caused a failure.

Run Your Tests

Once your test file is written, you can run it using the terminal:

• Navigate to the directory containing the test file.
• Run go test — Go will automatically find and execute all test functions.
• Add -v ( go test -v ) to see detailed output for each test case.

If you want to run a specific test function, use the -run flag:

 go test -v -run TestAdd

Go's test runner is fast and integrates well with most editors and IDEs, making it easy to automate or run interactively.

基本上就這些。

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