設置Python虛擬環(huán)境可隔離項目依賴，避免版本衝突。 1. 安裝Python 3.6或更新版本；2. 在項目目錄運行python -m venv env創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境；3. Windows下用env\Scripts\activate激活，macOS/Linux下用source env/bin/activate；4. 激活後使用pip install安裝包，依賴會保存在當前環(huán)境；5. 用pip freeze > requirements.txt導出依賴以便後續(xù)復現(xiàn)。始終確保環(huán)境激活後再安裝包，防止誤裝到全局環(huán)境。

Setting up a Python virtual environment is one of the most common practices when starting a new project. It helps keep dependencies isolated and organized. Here's how you can do it without getting stuck on unnecessary details.

Why Use a Virtual Environment?

Before diving into setup, it's worth mentioning why this matters. A virtual environment lets you manage separate package installations for different projects. Without it, packages installed globally can clash or cause version conflicts. This is especially helpful when working on multiple projects that rely on different versions of the same library.

Creating a Virtual Environment

To create a virtual environment, make sure Python is installed on your system first — usually either Python 3.6 or newer will work fine.

Here's what you do in your terminal or command prompt:

• Navigate to your project folder: cd your-project-directory
• Run: python -m venv env (or python3 instead of python , depending on your system)

This creates a new folder called env (you can name it something else if preferred) containing all the necessary files for an isolated environment.

Note: On some systems, especially Linux or macOS, you might need to install the venv module separately if it's not included by default.

Activating the Environment

Once created, you need to activate the environment before using it. The activation command varies slightly based on your operating system.

On Windows:

 env\Scripts\activate

On macOS/Linux:

 source env/bin/activate

After activation, your terminal prompt should change to show the active environment name, like (env) .

If you're using an IDE like VS Code, sometimes it detects the virtual environment automatically once activated. You can also set the interpreter path manually to point to the virtual environment's Python executable.

Installing Packages in the Virtual Environment

With the environment activated, any package you install using pip will go into this environment rather than the global Python installation.

For example:

 pip install requests

You can check what's installed with:

 pip list

A common practice is to save the list of dependencies:

 pip freeze > requirements.txt

This file can later be used to recreate the environment elsewhere using:

 pip install -r requirements.txt

Just remember, always verify that your environment is active before installing anything, or you might accidentally install packages globally.

基本上就這些。 Setting up a virtual environment doesn't take long and avoids a lot of headaches down the line, especially when managing multiple Python projects.

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