在Bash腳本中傳遞參數(shù)可通過在腳本名後直接輸入?yún)?shù)實現(xiàn)，這些參數(shù)在腳本中通過$1、$2等位置變量訪問。例如運行./greet.sh Alice時，$1表示Alice。若需處理多個參數(shù)，可使用循環(huán)配合"$@"遍歷所有參數(shù)。此外，使用getopts函數(shù)可解析帶選項的參數(shù)（如-n或-a），提升腳本靈活性與易用性。

You can pass arguments to a bash script by simply typing them after the script name when you run it. The syntax looks like this:

 ./script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3

The arguments ( arg1 , arg2 , etc.) are then accessible inside the script using special variables like $1 , $2 , $3 , and so on.

Accessing Arguments with Positional Parameters

Inside your bash script, each argument is available via positional parameters:

• $0 – the name of the script itself
• $1 – the first argument
• $2 – the second argument
• ...and so on

For example, if your script is called greet.sh and contains this:

 echo "Hello $1"

Then running:

 ./greet.sh Alice

Will output:

 Hello Alice

This is the most basic and commonly used way to handle script arguments.

If you have more than 9 arguments, use ${10} , ${11} , etc., since just $10 would be interpreted as $1 followed by the number 0.

Handling Multiple or Optional Arguments

Sometimes you want to allow multiple or optional inputs. Bash makes this easy with built-in variables like:

• $@ – all arguments as separate strings
• $* – all arguments as one single string
• $# – the number of arguments passed

A common use case is looping through all arguments:

 for name in "$@"
do
    echo "Hello $name"
done

Running:

 ./greet.sh Alice Bob Charlie

Would print:

 Hello Alice
Hello Bob
Hello Charlie

This approach gives you flexibility when handling variable numbers of inputs.

Also, you can check how many arguments were given using $# . For example:

 if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
    echo "Need at least two arguments!"
    exit 1
fi

This ensures your script doesn't run with incomplete input.

Using getopts for Command-Line Options

If your script supports flags or options (like -n or -v ), getopts is the built-in tool for parsing them.

Here's a simple example that accepts -n for name and -a for age:

 while getopts n:a: option; do
    case $option in
        n) NAME=$OPTARG;;
        a) AGE=$OPTARG;;
    esac
done

echo "Name: $NAME, Age: $AGE"

Run it like this:

 ./script.sh -n Alice -a 30

It keeps things clean when dealing with scripts that accept configuration flags or settings from the command line.

Keep in mind that options with arguments need a colon after their letter in the getopts string (eg, n: means -n expects a value).

That's basically it — you can start with positional parameters for simple needs, and move to getopts when you want to support flags and options. It's not complicated, but getting the syntax right helps avoid bugs later.

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