在MySQL或MariaDB中，手動修改權(quán)限表後需要運(yùn)行FLUSH PRIVILEGES命令。 1.當(dāng)你直接對mysql.user、mysql.db等權(quán)限表執(zhí)行INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE操作時，必須運(yùn)行該命令以使更改立即生效；2.使用GRANT、REVOKE或CREATE USER等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)權(quán)限管理命令時無需執(zhí)行FLUSH PRIVILEGES，因為這些命令會自動重載權(quán)限；3.通過腳本或外部工具修改權(quán)限表後也應(yīng)手動執(zhí)行該命令，否則更改不會生效；4.不建議直接編輯系統(tǒng)權(quán)限表，推薦使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SQL命令進(jìn)行權(quán)限管理。

You need to run the FLUSH PRIVILEGES command in MySQL or MariaDB after making changes to the grant tables manually , such as when you directly modify tables like mysql.user , mysql.db , or other privilege-related tables.

This command tells the server to reload the grant tables, so your changes take effect immediately without restarting the database service. If you're using the standard privilege management commands like GRANT , REVOKE , or CREATE USER , you typically don't need to run FLUSH PRIVILEGES , because those commands handle reloading permissions automatically.

When You've Made Manual Changes to Privilege Tables

If you've used INSERT , UPDATE , or DELETE statements directly on the system tables (like mysql.user ), the server doesn't automatically know that permissions have changed. That's when you need to manually run:

 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

For example:

• You added a new user by inserting a row into mysql.user
• You updated a user's privileges directly with an UPDATE query

Without flushing, those changes won't be applied until the next server restart or flush.

Note: Directly editing these tables is not generally recommended unless you know what you're doing. It's safer and cleaner to use GRANT and REVOKE .

After Editing MySQL System Tables via Script or External Tool

Sometimes, automation scripts or external tools might edit the privilege tables directly — for example, during a migration or bulk update of user permissions.

In this case, if the script doesn't call FLUSH PRIVILEGES automatically, you should make sure to do it yourself afterward. Otherwise, users may still be operating under the old permission set, which can cause confusion or access issues.

Not Needed After Using GRANT or CREATE USER

As mentioned earlier, if you're using built-in SQL commands like:

• GRANT SELECT ON db.* TO 'user'@'host';
• CREATE USER 'newuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
• REVOKE INSERT ON table FROM 'user'@'host';

then you don't need to run FLUSH PRIVILEGES . These commands are designed to both update the privilege tables and notify the server that the changes should take effect immediately.

So, in summary:

• ? Use FLUSH PRIVILEGES after manual edits to system tables
• ? Don't use it after standard privilege commands

It's a small but important detail that can save you from permission-related headaches.

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