The nginx location directive is used to define the rule set for processing requests, and specifies the request processing method by matching URI, HTTP methods and other conditions. Syntax includes: exact matching, regular expression matching, prefix matching, etc. The location directive can be nested, and priority is determined by the order of matching, and subsequent requests may be affected by it.
Usage of location in nginx
The location directive is used to define the rule set in nginx that is used to handle requests. It is used to match certain aspects of a request, such as a URI, an HTTP method, or other header, and to specify how the request should be processed.
usage
<code>location [= | ~ | ^~] [uri] { # 指令塊}</code>
-
=: Exactly match URI -
~: Regular expression matches URI -
^~: Prefix matches URI
grammar
The location directive can contain the following syntax:
- alias : Specifies the alias for a file or directory in the file system
- auth_basic : Enable basic authentication
- auth_basic_user_file : Specifies the file containing user credentials
- charset : Set character set
- deny : Denied matching request
- error_page : Specify the error page
- if : Execute instruction block based on condition
- include : include directives from external files
- limit_except : Exclude request restrictions based on request URI or IP address
- limit_req : limits the number of requests processed per second
- location : nested location directive
- proxy_pass : proxy request to the backend server
- rewrite : rewrite URI
- return : explicitly return the request
Example
Match the request of the /hello URI and return the static file:
<code>location = /hello { alias /var/www/html/hello.html; }</code>
Match requests for URIs starting with /api/ and proxy them to the backend server:
<code>location ^~ /api/ { proxy_pass http://backend_server; }</code>
Priority
The priority of the location directive is determined by the matching order. The first matching location directive will process the request.
Things to note
- The location directive can be nested.
- Complex matching rules can be defined using regular expressions.
- Directives in location directives can affect subsequent requests. For example, the
returndirective will immediately stop request processing.
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