debian introduction

1. Software installation method

1) apt method
a. Ordinary installation: apt-get install softname1 softname2 …;
b. Repair installation: apt-get -f install softname1 softname2... ;(-f atemp to correct broken dependencies)
c. Reinstall: apt-get --reinstall install softname1 softname2 ...;
2) dpkg method
Normal installation: dpkg -i package_name.deb
3) Source code installation (.tar, tar.gz, tar.bz2, tar.z)
First Decompress the source code package and use the tar command to complete
a. Decompress xx.tar.gz: tar -zxvf xx.tar.gz
b. Decompress xx.tar.z: tar -zxvf xx.tar. z
c. Solve xx.tgz: tar -zxvf xx.tgz
d. Solve xx.bz2: bunzip2 xx.bz2
e. Solve xx.tar: tar xf xx.tar
Then Enter the decompressed directory. It is recommended to read the readme and other description files first, because there may be differences between different source code packages or precompiled packages. Then it is recommended to use the ls -f --color or ls -f command (actually For mine, you only need the l command.) Check the executable file. The executable file will be marked with an * at the end.
Generally execute ./configure
make
sudo make install
to complete the installation.

2. How to uninstall the software package

1) apt method
(1) Removable uninstallation: apt-get remove softname1 softname2…;(Move Except for software packages, when there is an oval at the end of the package, it means installation)
(2) Purge uninstall: apt-get --purge remove softname1 softname2...; (clear the configuration at the same time)
Purge uninstall: apt- get purge sofname1 softname2...;(Same as above, also clear the configuration file)
2) dpkg method
(1) Removable uninstall: dpkg -r pkg1 pkg2...;
(2) Clear Uninstall: dpkg -p pkg1 pkg2...;

3. Other commands

apt-cache search # ------(package Search package)
apt-cache show #------(package Get package-related information, such as description, size, version, etc.)
apt-get install #------(package installation package)
apt-get install # -----(package --reinstall reinstall the package)
apt-get -f install # -----(force installation, "-f = --fix -missing" Think of it as a repair installation...)
apt-get remove #-----(package delete package)
apt-get remove --purge # ------(package delete package, including deleting configuration files, etc.)
apt-get autoremove --purge # ----(package deletes the package and its dependent software package configuration files, etc. (only valid for 6.10, highly recommended))
apt -get update #------Update source
apt-get upgrade #------Update installed packages
apt-get dist-upgrade # --------- Upgrade the system
apt-get dselect-upgrade #------Use dselect to upgrade
apt-cache depends #-------(package to understand usage dependencies)
apt-cache rdepends # ------(package To understand a specific dependency, you should check which packages the package depends on...)
apt-get build-dep # ------(package installation related Compilation environment)
apt-get source #------(package download the source code of the package)
apt-get clean && apt-get autoclean #--------Clean the downloaded file Archive&& only cleans out outdated packages
apt-get check #-------Check whether there are damaged dependencies
dpkg -s filename-----Find which package filename belongs to
apt-file search filename -----Find which software package filename belongs to
apt-file list packagename -----List the contents of the software package
apt-file update --Update the database of apt-file

dpkg --info "Software package name" --Lists the package name after unpacking the software package.
dpkg -l --Lists all packages in the current system. Can be used with the parameter less Use split-screen viewing. (Similar to rpm -qa)
dpkg -l |grep -i "Software package name" --View the packages associated with "Software package name" in the system.
dpkg -s Query the detailed information of installed packages.
dpkg -l Query the installation location of installed software packages in the system. (Similar to rpm -ql)
dpkg -s Query which software a file in the system belongs to Package. (Similar to rpm -qf)
dpkg -i Query the detailed information of the deb package. After downloading a software package locally, see if it needs to be installed (take a look).
dpkg -i Manually install the software package (cannot solve the dependency problem before the software package). If you encounter a software dependency problem when installing a certain software package, you can use apt-get -f install to solve the dependency problem.
dpkg -r Uninstall the software package. It is not a complete uninstall, its configuration file still exists.
dpkg -p Uninstall all (but it still cannot solve the dependency problem of the software package)
dpkg -reconfigure Reconfigure

apt-get install downloads the software package and all dependent packages, and installs or upgrades the package at the same time. If a package has the hold (stop flag) set, it will be set aside (that is, it will not be upgraded).
apt-get remove [--purge] Remove and any other packages that depend on this package. - -purge indicates that this package should be completely purged.
apt-get update upgrades the package list from the debian image. If you want to install any software for the day, run it at least once a day, and every time you modify /etc/ apt/sources.list, must be executed.
apt-get upgrade [-u] Upgrade all installed packages to the latest available version. New packages will not be installed or old packages will be removed. If a package changes its dependencies If a new package needs to be installed, it will not be upgraded, but will be marked as hold.
apt-get update will not upgrade the package marked as hold.
apt-get dist-upgrade [ -u] Similar to apt-get upgrade, except that dist-upgrade will install and remove packages to satisfy dependencies. Therefore, it is dangerous.
apt-cache search In the package name and description, search for files containing xxx of software packages.
apt-cache show displays a complete description of a software package.
apt-cache showpkg displays more details of a software package and its relationship with other packages.

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