How do C++ functions differ from object-oriented programming?
Apr 11, 2024 pm 09:12 PMFunctions and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) provide different programming mechanisms in C: Functions: independent blocks of code focused on performing a specific task and containing no data. OOP: Based on objects, classes and inheritance, data and behavior are encapsulated in objects. In practical cases, the function method for calculating the area of ??a square is simple and direct, while the OOP method encapsulates data and behavior and is more suitable for managing object interaction. Choosing the appropriate approach depends on the scenario: Functions are good for independent tasks, OOP is good for managing complex object interactions.

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decltype is a keyword used by C 11 to deduce expression types at compile time. The derivation results are accurate and do not perform type conversion. 1. decltype(expression) only analyzes types and does not calculate expressions; 2. Deduce the variable name decltype(x) as a declaration type, while decltype((x)) is deduced as x due to lvalue expression; 3. It is often used in templates to deduce the return value through tail-set return type auto-> decltype(t u); 4. Complex type declarations can be simplified in combination with auto, such as decltype(vec.begin())it=vec.begin(); 5. Avoid hard-coded classes in templates

C folderexpressions is a feature introduced by C 17 to simplify recursive operations in variadic parameter templates. 1. Left fold (args...) sum from left to right, such as sum(1,2,3,4,5) returns 15; 2. Logical and (args&&...) determine whether all parameters are true, and empty packets return true; 3. Use (std::cout

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References are alias for variables, which must be initialized at declaration and cannot be rebinded. 1. References share the same memory address through alias. Modifying any name will affect the original value; 2. References can be used to achieve bidirectional transmission and avoid copy overhead; 3. References cannot be empty and have the grammar, and do not have the ability to repoint compared to pointers; 4. ConstT& can be used to safely pass parameters, prevent modification and support binding of temporary objects; 5. References of local variables should not be returned to avoid dangling reference errors. Mastering citations is the key foundation for understanding modern C.

First, let’s clarify the answer: This article introduces the use of fstream in C, including basic file read and write operations and advanced bidirectional read and write functions. 1. Use std::fstream to define the file flow object, and open the file in a specified mode (such as std::ios::out, std::ios::in); use it when writing
