


Laravel development: How to implement SPA authentication using Laravel Sanctum?
Jun 15, 2023 pm 11:28 PMLaravel Development: How to implement SPA authentication using Laravel Sanctum?
Laravel Sanctum is the official package for Laravel, designed to provide simple, lightweight API authentication for SPA (Single Page Application) and mobile applications. It uses ephemeral tokens instead of permanent credentials for enhanced security and provides multiple authentication drivers, including cookies, API keys, and JWT.
In this article, we will discuss how to implement SPA authentication using Laravel Sanctum.
The first step is to install Laravel Sanctum. It can be installed using Composer in your Laravel application:
composer require laravel/sanctum
After installation, you need to run migrations to create the tables required by Sanctum:
php artisan migrate
Next, you need to open the app/Http/Kernel.php file and add the Laravel Sanctum middleware in the API middleware group:
LaravelSanctumHttpMiddlewareEnsureFrontendRequestsAreStateful::class, 'throttle:60,1', IlluminateRoutingMiddlewareSubstituteBindings::class, ],``` 現(xiàn)在,Laravel Sanctum已準(zhǔn)備好開始在應(yīng)用程序中進(jìn)行SPA身份驗(yàn)證。 下一步是將Sanctum添加到Vue或React應(yīng)用程序中。為此,需要在應(yīng)用程序中安裝axios或其他HTTP客戶端庫,以便與后端通信。建議使用axios來演示下面的示例代碼。 axios需要配置一下:
import axios from 'axios'
export const HTTP = axios.create({
baseURL: http://localhost:8000/api/
,
withCredentials: true,
})
withCredentials選項(xiàng)允許axios將cookie發(fā)送到后端,這對(duì)于使用Laravel Sanctum進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證非常重要。 現(xiàn)在,可以在Vue組件或React組件中使用以下代碼來進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證:
// Login
login() {
axios.post('/login', this.credentials) .then(response => { this.getUser() })
},
// Logout
logout() {
axios.post('/logout') .then(response => { this.$store.commit('logout') })
},
// Get user information
getUser() {
axios.get('/user') .then(response => { this.$store.commit('updateUser', response.data) }).catch(error => { console.log(error) })
},
在這個(gè)例子中,我們使用axios來向/login和/logout路由發(fā)送POST請(qǐng)求,以及向/user路由發(fā)送GET請(qǐng)求。這三個(gè)路由應(yīng)該在Laravel應(yīng)用程序中定義,并使用Laravel Sanctum進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證。 使用Laravel Sanctum的默認(rèn)身份驗(yàn)證驅(qū)動(dòng)程序- cookie-,可以通過以下方式發(fā)送令牌:
// In Vue
axios.defaults.headers.common['X-CSRF-TOKEN'] = document.querySelector('meta[name="csrf-token"]').getAttribute('content');
/ / React
import { setAuthToken } from './axiosConfig';
axios.defaults.headers.common['X-CSRF-TOKEN'] = setAuthToken();
這將在每個(gè)請(qǐng)求中設(shè)置名為X-CSRF-TOKEN的標(biāo)頭。此標(biāo)頭包含一個(gè)CSRF令牌,該令牌是在使用Laravel Sanctum時(shí)進(jìn)行身份驗(yàn)證所必需的。
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