?? 1. Hashtable ??

Map<String,Object> hashtable=new Hashtable<String,Object>();

??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? put, get, containKey ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????

public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode();
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

 public synchronized V get(Object key) {
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode();
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                return (V)e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
     public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
        // Make sure the value is not null
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode();
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
        for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
            if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) {
                V old = entry.value;
                entry.value = value;
                return old;
            }
        }

        addEntry(hash, key, value, index);
        return null;
    }

?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ????. ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????.

?? 2. Collections.synchronizedMap(new Hashtable()) ??

?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? Hashtable? ???? ???? ????? ????. ??? ????? Hashtable? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????.

Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new Hashtable());

??? JDK ?? ?????

public static <K,V> Map<K,V> synchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m) {
        return new SynchronizedMap<>(m);
}
private static class SynchronizedMap<K,V>
        implements Map<K,V>, Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1978198479659022715L;
 
        private final Map<K,V> m;     // Backing Map
        final Object      mutex;        // Object on which to synchronize
 
        SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m) {
            this.m = Objects.requireNonNull(m);
            mutex = this;
        }
 
        SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m, Object mutex) {
            this.m = m;
            this.mutex = mutex;
        }
 
        public int size() {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.size();}
        }
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.isEmpty();}
        }
        public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.containsKey(key);}
        }
        public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.containsValue(value);}
        }
        public V get(Object key) {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.get(key);}
        }
 
        public V put(K key, V value) {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.put(key, value);}
        }
        public V remove(Object key) {
            synchronized (mutex) {return m.remove(key);}
        }
        public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
            synchronized (mutex) {m.putAll(map);}
        }
        public void clear() {
            synchronized (mutex) {m.clear();}
        }
        ......
    }

?? 3. ConcurrentHashMap ??

?? ??? Hashtable? ?? ???? ??? ?? ConcurrentHashMap? ???? ???? 16?? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ????. Hashtable? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

? ??? Java?? Map? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!