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MySQL? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????. 1. Windows ??? : MySQL ?? ?????? ? ??? ????? (?? ??? ????? C : \ programfiles \ mysql \ mysqlserverx.x \ bin), "? ???"→ "??"→ "Advanced System ??"→ "?? ??", "??? ??", MySQlb in wors in mysqlb in wors in mysqlb in world in that the the the the the seel worl ?? ????? ?? ???? MySQL? ??????-Version Versification; 2.Macos ? Linux ??? : Bash ??? ?? ~/.bashrc ?? ~/.bash_

MySQL? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? A??, ?? MVCC ? GAP ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? (??)? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? 1. ??? ??? (read committed)? ?? ? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ????. ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??;

mysqlworkbench? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. 1. Windows ???? %appdata %\ mysql \ workbench \ connections.xml? ????. 2. MacOS ???? ~/Library/ApplicationSupport/MySQL/Workbench/Connections.xml? ????. 3. ????? Linux ???? ~/.mysql/workbench/connections.xml ?? ~/.local/share/data/mysql/wor? ????.

MySQLDump? MySQL ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? SQL ??? ?????. 1. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? SQL ???? ?????. 2. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? TB ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. 3. ???? ???-single transaction,-databases,-all-databases,-routines ?; 4. MySQL ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ????. 5. ??? ????? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????.

MySQL ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????. 1. ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? Slow_Query_Log ? Long_Query_Time; 2. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? query_time, lock_time, rows_examined? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. 3. ??? ????? ???? ?? mysqldumpslow ?? pt-query idigest ??? ??????. 4. ??? ???? ??? ??, ??*???*, ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??, user_id? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ????.

MySQL?? NULL ?? ?? ? ? 1. ???? ?? ? ? ? ??? NotNull? ???? ?? ??? NULL? ?????. 2. iSnull ?? ISNOTNULL = ??! =; 3. Ifnull ?? Coalesce ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ????. 4. ?? ?? ????? NULL ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ORM ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. NULL? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??, ?? ? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ????.

MySQL? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. 1. MySQL ?? ??, sudosystemctlstopmysql ?? sudosystemctlstopmysqld? ??????. 2. -skip-grant-tables ???? mysql? ???? sudomysqld-skip-grant-tables &; 3. MySQL? ????? ?? SQL ??? ???? FlushPrivileges; Alteruser'Root '@'localHost'IndifiedBy'Your_new? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????.