???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ???? Python ?????? FastAPI? ?? ??? API? ??? ? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? uv? ???????.

uv

uv? Docker? ????? ???? uv init simple-app ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?????:

<code>simple-app/
├── .python-version
├── README.md
├── hello.py
└── pyproject.toml</code>

pyproject.toml?? ???? ?????? ????.

[project]
name = "simple-app"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Add your description here"
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.11"
dependencies = []

pyproject.toml? ???? ??? ??:

dependencies = [
    "fastapi[standard]=0.114.2",
    "python-multipart=0.0.7",
    "email-validator=2.1.0",
    "pydantic>2.0",
    "SQLAlchemy>2.0",
    "alembic=1.12.1",
]

[tool.uv]
dev-dependencies = [
    "pytest=7.4.3",
    "mypy=1.8.0",
    "ruff=0.2.2",
    "pre-commit=4.0.0",
]

[tool.uv] ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????. uv sync? ???? ??? ?????.

1. ??? uv.lock.
2. ?? ??? ????(.venv). uv ??? ?? Python ?????? ???????.
3. ???? ?????.

FastAPI

FastAPI ?????? ?? ???:

<code>recipe-app/
├── app/
│   ├── main.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── ...
├── .python-version
├── README.md
└── pyproject.toml</code>

app/main.py??:

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Hello(BaseModel):
    message: str

@app.get("/", response_model=Hello)
async def hello() -> Hello:
    return Hello(message="Hi, I am using FastAPI")

???? ??: uv run fastapi dev app/main.py. ??? ??? ??? ?????.

http://www.miracleart.cn/link/c099034308f2a231c24281de338726c1?? ??????.

??

Dockerize? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. Dockerfile ??:

FROM python:3.11-slim

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:0.5.11 /uv /uvx /bin/

ENV UV_COMPILE_BYTE=1
ENV UV_LINK_MODE=copy

WORKDIR /app

ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"

COPY ./pyproject.toml ./uv.lock ./.python-version /app/

RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
    --mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock \
    --mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml \
    uv sync --frozen --no-install-project --no-dev

COPY ./app /app/app

RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
    uv sync --frozen --no-dev

CMD ["fastapi", "dev", "app/main.py", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

? ?? ???? ??? ?? docker-compose.yaml:

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    working_dir: /app
    volumes:
      - ./app:/app/app
    ports:
      - "${APP_PORT:-8000}:8000"
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL}
    depends_on:
      - postgres

  postgres:
    image: postgres:15
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes:
  postgres_data: {}

?? ??? ???? .env ??? ????. ???? ??: docker compose up --build.

[tool.uv] ? ?? ??

[tool.uv]? pyproject.toml ???? ?? ??? ???? ????.

• pytest: ??? ?????(???? ??? ???).
• mypy: ?? ?? ??????. ???? ??: uv run mypy app.
• ruff: ?? ??(?? ?? ??).
• ?? ??: ?? ?? ??? ?????. .pre-commit-config.yaml:
???

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.4.0
    hooks:
      - id: check-added-large-files
      - id: check-toml
      - id: check-yaml
        args:
          - --unsafe
      - id: end-of-file-fixer
      - id: trailing-whitespace
  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
    rev: v0.8.6
    hooks:
      - id: ruff
        args: [--fix]
      - id: ruff-format

pyproject.toml ? mypy? ?? ruff ??? ?????(?? ???? ??? ?). ??? Linting? ?? VS Code Ruff ??? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ??????.

? ??? ?? ??? Python ???: uv, Docker ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? FastAPI ?????? ??: ??? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!