Go ??? net/netip ???? ?? ??? ??: Addrtype

????? ???! ??? net/netip ??? ???? Go ??? Addr ???? ???????. Go? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? net.IP ??? ??? ?? ????. ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. net/netip ???(Go 1.18? ???)? IP ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

???? ??net/netip.Addr?

??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ???? net.IP ??? ????? ??? ??([]byte)???. ??

• ??
• ? ?? ??
• ??? ??? ??? ? ??
• ??? ?? == ???? ??? ? ????

??? Addr ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ? ??(?? ??)?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? IP ??? ?????. ? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????!

????Addr

??? ???? ?? ??? ???????. Addr:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/netip"
)

func main() {
    // 從字符串創(chuàng)建Addr
    addr, err := netip.ParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // 如果你絕對確定輸入
    addr2 := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")

    fmt.Printf("IPv4: %v\nIPv6: %v\n", addr, addr2)
}

ParseAddr? ?? ? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?:

// 這些將會失敗
_, err1 := netip.ParseAddr("256.1.2.3")        // 無效的IPv4八位字節(jié)
_, err2 := netip.ParseAddr("2001:db8::1::2")   // 無效的IPv6（雙冒號）
_, err3 := netip.ParseAddr("192.168.1.1/24")   // Addr不允許CIDR表示法

Addr??

Addr?? ??? ?? ??? ???????. ? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???????.

??? IPv4???, IPv6????

func checkAddressType(addr netip.Addr) {
    if addr.Is4() {
        fmt.Println("這是IPv4")
        // 你可以在這里安全地使用As4()
        bytes := addr.As4()
        fmt.Printf("作為字節(jié)：%v\n", bytes)
    } else if addr.Is6() {
        fmt.Println("這是IPv6")
        // 你可以在這里安全地使用As16()
        bytes := addr.As16()
        fmt.Printf("作為字節(jié)：%v\n", bytes)
    }
}

?? ?: IPv4 ?? IPv6 ??(?: ::ffff:192.0.2.1)? ??? ? Is4In6()? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????.

?? ?? ??

Addr ??? IP ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ????.

func classifyAddress(addr netip.Addr) {
    checks := []struct {
        name string
        fn   func() bool
    }{
        {"IsGlobalUnicast", addr.IsGlobalUnicast},
        {"IsPrivate", addr.IsPrivate},
        {"IsLoopback", addr.IsLoopback},
        {"IsMulticast", addr.IsMulticast},
        {"IsLinkLocalUnicast", addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast},
        {"IsLinkLocalMulticast", addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast},
        {"IsInterfaceLocalMulticast", addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast},
        {"IsUnspecified", addr.IsUnspecified},
    }

    for _, check := range checks {
        if check.fn() {
            fmt.Printf("地址是 %s\n", check.name)
        }
    }
}

?? ?: ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????.

func getBindableAddresses(addrs []netip.Addr) []netip.Addr {
    var bindable []netip.Addr
    for _, addr := range addrs {
        if !addr.IsLoopback() && !addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
            bindable = append(bindable, addr)
        }
    }
    return bindable
}

??(IPv6 ?? ID) ??

IPv6? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.

func handleZones() {
    // 創(chuàng)建一個帶有區(qū)域的地址
    addr := netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1%eth0")

    // 獲取區(qū)域
    zone := addr.Zone()
    fmt.Printf("區(qū)域：%s\n", zone)

    // 比較帶有區(qū)域的地址
    addr1 := netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1%eth0")
    addr2 := netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1%eth1")

    // 由于區(qū)域不同，這些是不同的地址
    fmt.Printf("相同的地址？%v\n", addr1 == addr2)  // false

    // WithZone創(chuàng)建一個具有不同區(qū)域的新地址
    addr3 := addr1.WithZone("eth2")
    fmt.Printf("新的區(qū)域：%s\n", addr3.Zone())
}

??? ??: IP ?? ??

? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? IP ?????.

type IPFilter struct {
    allowed []netip.Addr
    denied  []netip.Addr
}

func NewIPFilter(allowed, denied []string) (*IPFilter, error) {
    f := &IPFilter{}

    // 解析允許的地址
    for _, a := range allowed {
        addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(a)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("無效的允許地址 %s: %w", a, err)
        }
        f.allowed = append(f.allowed, addr)
    }

    // 解析拒絕的地址
    for _, d := range denied {
        addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(d)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("無效的拒絕地址 %s: %w", d, err)
        }
        f.denied = append(f.denied, addr)
    }

    return f, nil
}

func (f *IPFilter) IsAllowed(ip string) bool {
    addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
    if err != nil {
        return false
    }

    // 首先檢查拒絕列表
    for _, denied := range f.denied {
        if addr == denied {
            return false
        }
    }

    // 如果沒有指定允許的地址，則允許所有未被拒絕的地址
    if len(f.allowed) == 0 {
        return true
    }

    // 檢查允許列表
    for _, allowed := range f.allowed {
        if addr == allowed {
            return true
        }
    }

    return false
}

?? ?:

func main() {
    filter, err := NewIPFilter(
        []string{"192.168.1.100", "10.0.0.1"},
        []string{"192.168.1.50"},
    )
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    tests := []string{
        "192.168.1.100",  // 允許
        "192.168.1.50",   // 拒絕
        "192.168.1.200",  // 不在任何列表中
    }

    for _, ip := range tests {
        fmt.Printf("%s 允許？%v\n", ip, filter.IsAllowed(ip))
    }
}

?? ??

net/netip.Addr? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????. ? ?????:

• ? ??? ?? ?? ??
• ???? ?? ??
• 0 ?? ???? ????(0 ?? ??? ? ?? net.IP? ??)

???? ??? ??

1. net.IP? netip.Addr? ???? ???? ???. ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? netip.Addr? ????? ???.
2. ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????.
3. ???? ????? MustParseAddr ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ParseAddr? ?????.
4. ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???(?: WithZone)? ??? ? ??? ?????.

??? ??????

? ????? Addr ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? net/netip ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ????? IP ??? ?? ??? ???? AddrPort? ???????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????.

???? ??? ?????! ????? net/netip.Addr? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.

? ??? Go&#s net/netip Addr ?? ??: ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!