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string passwd;
cout << "Enter the password: ";
getline(cin, passwd);

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Windows

#ifdef WIN32
#include <windows.h>

Windows ?????? SetConsoleMode? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????. ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT? 0?? ???? ??? ???????.

SetConsoleMode(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE), mode & ~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT);

Linux/macOS

#else
#include <termios.h>

Linux ? macOS ???? ?? tcgetattr ? tcsetattr? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ??. c_lflag ???? ECHO ??? ?? ??? ???????.

tty.c_lflag &^= ECHO;
tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &tty);

?? ??

??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ? ?? ??:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

void SetStdinEcho(bool enable = true) {
  #ifdef WIN32
    HANDLE hStdin = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
    DWORD mode;
    GetConsoleMode(hStdin, &mode);

    if (!enable)
      mode &= ~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT;
    else
      mode |= ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT;

    SetConsoleMode(hStdin, mode);
  #else
    struct termios tty;
    tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty);
    if (!enable)
      tty.c_lflag &^= ECHO;
    else
      tty.c_lflag |= ECHO;

    (void)tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &tty);
  #endif
}

int main() {
  SetStdinEcho(false);

  std::string password;
  std::cin >> password;

  SetStdinEcho(true);

  std::cout << password << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

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