Python? ???? Python? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ????. ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? Python? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

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1.* ? **? ?? ??
Python?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????. * ? ** ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????.

?1: ?? ??
?? ??? ???? ?? Python??? ?? ??? ?????.

x, y = 5, 10
x, y = y, x
print(x, y)  # Output: 10, 5

?2: ?? ?? ???
* ???? ???? ?? ???? **? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

def greet(name, age):
    print(f"Hello, {name}! You are {age} years old.")

info = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
greet(**info)  # Output: Hello, Alice! You are 30 years old.

??3: ?? ?? ??
??? ? ? ?? ??? ????? *? ?????.

a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(a, b, c)  # Output: 1 [2, 3, 4] 5

2.?? ??? ?
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.

?1: ???? ??

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
print(squares)  # Output: [0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

?2: ??? ?????
2D ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????.

matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
flat = [num for row in matrix for num in row]
print(flat)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

3.? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
Python? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

?1: defaultdict
??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? KeyError? ?????.

from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(int)
d['a'] += 1
print(d)  # Output: defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'a': 1})

?2: ???
????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????.

from collections import Counter

words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "banana", "apple"]
count = Counter(words)
print(count)  # Output: Counter({'apple': 3, 'banana': 2, 'orange': 1})

?3: ??
O(1) ?? ? ? ??? ?? deque? ???? ???? ????? ?????.

from collections import deque

queue = deque([1, 2, 3])
queue.append(4)
queue.popleft()
print(queue)  # Output: deque([2, 3, 4])

4.getattr ? setattr
? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

?1: ?? ?? ??

class Lazy:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = {}

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name not in self.data:
            self.data[name] = f"Value for {name}"
        return self.data[name]

obj = Lazy()
print(obj.foo)  # Output: Value for foo

5.?? ???
???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

?1: ?? ???

def infinite_counter():
    count = 0
    while True:
        yield count
        count += 1

counter = infinite_counter()
print(next(counter))  # Output: 0
print(next(counter))  # Output: 1

?2: ??? ?????
???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???:

def numbers():
    for i in range(10):
        yield i

def squared(seq):
    for num in seq:
        yield num**2

pipeline = squared(numbers())
print(list(pipeline))  # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

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??

Python? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ????. ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? Python ?????? ? ? ????.

??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????

??? ?????!

? ??? ??? ???: ???? ??? ?? Python? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!