Python?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????.

?? ???? ??

?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ? ?????.

module_1.py? module_2.py?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

# module_1.py
from module_2 import ModY
class ModX:
    mody_obj = ModY()

# module_2.py
from module_1 import ModX
class ModY:
    modx_obj = ModX()

? ?? ???? module_1? module_2? ?? ?? ???? ????.

mody_1? mody_obj ???? module_2? ?? ???? module_2? modx_obj ???? module_1? ?? ????.

??? ?? ?????? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???.

module_1.py? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
  File "module_2.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_1 import ModX
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
ImportError: cannot import name 'ModY' from partially initialized module 'module_2' (most likely due to a circular import)

? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ????? module_2?? ModY? ????? ???? ? module_2? ??? ????? ?????(modX1?? ModX? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??).

Python?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? Python?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????.

Python?? ?? ???? ??

??? ?? ??? ??

???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ????.

# main.py ----> common file
class ModX:
    pass

class ModY:
    pass

? ?? ????? ModX ? ModY ???? ?? ??(main.py)? ??????.

# module_1.py
from main import ModY

class Mod_X:
    mody_obj = ModY()

# module_2.py
from main import ModX

class Mod_Y:
    modx_obj = ModX()

?? module_1? module_2? ?? ???? ??? ???? main?? ???? ?????.

? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ????.

????? ?? ??? ??

?? ??? import ?? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

# module_1.py
class ModX:
   pass

from module_2 import ModY

class Mod_X:
   mody_obj = ModY()

# module_2.py
class ModY:
   pass

from module_1 import ModX

???/?? ?? ??? ?? ????

??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????.

# module_1.py
class ModX:
  pass

class Mod_X:
   from module_2 import ModY
   mody_obj = ModY()

# module_2.py
class ModY:
   pass

class Mod_Y:
   from module_1 import ModX
   modx_obj = ModX()

mod_1? module_2? Mod_X ? Mod_Y ??? ?? ??? import ?? ?? ??????.

module_1 ?? module_2? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ????.

?? ??/?? ??

?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.

# module_1.py
from module_2 import ModY
class ModX:
    mody_obj = ModY()

# module_2.py
from module_1 import ModX
class ModY:
    modx_obj = ModX()

importlib ????? ??

importlib ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
  File "module_2.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_1 import ModX
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
ImportError: cannot import name 'ModY' from partially initialized module 'module_2' (most likely due to a circular import)

# main.py ----> common file
class ModX:
    pass

class ModY:
    pass

Python ???? ?? ????

????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????.

??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ??? __init__.py ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.

??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.

# module_1.py
from main import ModY

class Mod_X:
    mody_obj = ModY()

mainpkg ???? main.py ??? ????. mainpkg?? modpkg_x? modpkg_y?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????.

modpkg_x ? modpkg_y ?? ? Python ??? ??? ????.

mainpkg/modpkg_x/__init__.py

# module_2.py
from main import ModX

class Mod_Y:
    modx_obj = ModX()

? ??? module_1? module_1_1?? ? ???(ModX ? ModA)? ?? ?????.

mainpkg/modpkg_x/module_1.py

# module_1.py
class ModX:
   pass

from module_2 import ModY

class Mod_X:
   mody_obj = ModY()

module_1? module_2?? ModY ???? ?????.

mainpkg/modpkg_x/module_1_1.py

# module_2.py
class ModY:
   pass

from module_1 import ModX

module_1_1? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ???? ????.

mainpkg/modpkg_y/__init__.py

# module_1.py
class ModX:
  pass

class Mod_X:
   from module_2 import ModY
   mody_obj = ModY()

? ??? module_2?? ModY ???? ?????.

mainpkg/modpkg_y/module_2.py

# module_2.py
class ModY:
   pass

class Mod_Y:
   from module_1 import ModX
   modx_obj = ModX()

module_2? module_1_1?? ModA ???? ?????.

main.py ???? ?? ??? ????.

root_dir/main.py

# module_1.py
import module_2 as m2

class ModX:
    def __init__(self):
        self.mody_obj = m2.ModY()

?? ??? module_2?? ModY ???? ?????. ? ??? module_2? ?????.

??? ???? ??? ????? modpkg_x ? modpkg_y ?? __init__.py ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????.

?? ??? module_2? ????, module_1? module_2? ????, module_2? module_1_1? ???? ?? ? ? ????. ????? ????.

??? ??? __init__.py ??? ????? __init__.py ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????.

?? ?? ??? ?????.

?? ?? module_1_1? ?? ???? module_1? ?????.

? ?? ?? ??? __init__.py ??? ??? ??? __init__.py ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ? ????.

# module_1.py
from module_2 import ModY
class ModX:
    mody_obj = ModY()

? ????? mainpkg ?? ? ?? ?? ??? subpkg? ??????.

mainpkg/subpkg/__init__.py

# module_2.py
from module_1 import ModX
class ModY:
    modx_obj = ModX()

??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????.

?? main.py ?? ??? import ?? ????? ? ????.

root_dir/main.py

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
  File "module_2.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_1 import ModX
  File "module_1.py", line 1, in <module>
    from module_2 import ModY
ImportError: cannot import name 'ModY' from partially initialized module 'module_2' (most likely due to a circular import)

?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.

??

Python? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????.

Python?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ? ????.

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?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??

???? ??? Flask? ??? ??

???? ?? exec()? eval()? ???

?????? ?? ??? ?? ??

?Python ?? ??: ??, ?? ?, ??

??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??

????? ML ? DL ??? ?? ??? ?????

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??? ?? ????.

?? ???????.

? ??? Python?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!