??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????.

??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? Python?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ??????.

1. ??? ????

??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ?????:

???? ??? ??????
???? ??? ??????
???? ??? ??? ??? ??????

2. ??? ?? ??

??? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????.

Creational : ??? ??? ?? ????.
???: ??? ??? ?? ????.
??: ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.
??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ? ????.

3. ??? ??? ??? ?????

??? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??????:

???: ??? ??? ???? ??????
???: ???? ???? ???? ????
???: ?? ??? ??????

1. Python? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??.

Python? ?:
`class SingletonMeta(??):
_???? = {}

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
    if cls not in cls._instance:
        cls._instance[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
    return cls._instance[cls]

??? ??(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
def ??(??, ???):
print(f"[LOG]: {???}")

??

logger1 = ??()
logger2 = ??()

print(logger1 is logger2) # ??: True

logger1.log("??? ?? ?? ?.")
`
? ??????
SingletonMeta? Logger ???? ??? ???? ??????????. ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????.

??
?? ??????
?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??.

Python? ?:
`??? ??:
?? ???(??):
??

??? ??(??):
?? ???(??):
print("?? ????.")

??? ????(??):
?? ???(??):
print("???? ????.")

def ??_??(??_??):
if shape_type == "?":
Circle() ??
elif shape_type == "???":
Square() ??
? ?:
raise ValueError("? ? ?? ?? ??.")

??

?? = ??_??("?")
Shape.draw() # ??: ?? ????.
`
? ??????
???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ????.

??
?? ??????
?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??(???)?? ??? ?? ??? ??(??)? ?? ??.

Python? ?:
`?? ??:
def init(??):
self._observers = []

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
    if cls not in cls._instance:
        cls._instance[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
    return cls._instance[cls]

??? ???:
def ????(??, ???):
??

??? EmailObserver(???):
def ????(??, ???):
print(f"??? ??: {message}")

??? SMSObserver(???):
def ????(??, ???):
print(f"SMS ??: {???}")

??

?? = ??()
??.??(EmailObserver())
??.??(SMSObserver())

subject.notify("??? ??? ???????.")
`
? ??????
??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???.
??
?? ??????
??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??.

Python? ?:
`???? ??

??? ???? ???:
def init(??, ???):
self.formatter = ??.MethodType(formatter, self)

def attach(self, observer):
    self._observers.append(observer)

def notify(self, message):
    for observer in self._observers:
        observer.update(message)

def uppercase_formatter(self, text):
text.upper() ??

def lowercase_formatter(self, text):
text.lower() ??

??

???? = TextProcessor(uppercase_formatter)
print(processor.process("Hello World")) # ??: HELLO WORLD

processor.formatter = type.MethodType(???_formatter, ????)
print(processor.process("Hello World")) # ??: hello world
`
? ??????
?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ????.

?????
?? ??????
??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??.

Python? ?:
`def ??_???(func):
def ??():
return "" func() ""
?? ???

def italic_ decorator(func):
def ??():
return "" func() ""
?? ???

@bold_ decorator
@italic_ decorator
def say_hello():
"?????" ??

??

print(say_hello()) # ??: Hello
`

? ??????
?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.

??
?? ??????
?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??.

Python? ?:
`class EuropeanSocketInterface:
def ??(??): ??
?? ???(??): ??
def ??(??): ??

Class EuropeanSocket(EuropeanSocketInterface):
?? ??(??):
230? ??

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
    if cls not in cls._instance:
        cls._instance[cls] = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
    return cls._instance[cls]

USASocketInterface ???:
def ??(??): ??
?? ???(??): ??
def ??(??): ??

??? ???(USASocketInterface):
def init(self, European_socket):
self.european_socket = European_socket

def attach(self, observer):
    self._observers.append(observer)

def notify(self, message):
    for observer in self._observers:
        observer.update(message)

??

euro_socket = EuropeanSocket()
??? = ???(euro_socket)
print(f"??: {adapter.volt()}V") # ??: ??: 110V
`
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????.

??
?? ??????
??? ??? ????? ??? ??, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????.

Python? ?:
`??? ??:
def ??(??):
??

??? LightOnCommand(??):
def init(self, light):
self.light = ?

def process(self, text):
    return self.formatter(text)

??? LightOffCommand(??):
def init(self, light):
self.light = ?

def live(self):
    return 1

def neutral(self):
    return -1

??? ???:
def Turn_on(??):
print("?? ??")

def voltage(self):
    return 110

def live(self):
    return self.european_socket.live()

def neutral(self):
    return self.european_socket.neutral()

??? ???:
def ??(??, ??):
??.??()

??

? = ?()
on_command = LightOnCommand(?)
off_command = LightOffCommand(?)

remote = ????()
remote.submit(on_command) # ??: ??? ??
remote.submit(off_command) # ??: ?? ??
`
? ??????
?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???.

5. ??

Python?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????.

??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? Python ??? ?????.

6. ?? ??

??:
??? ??: ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??(Erich Gamma et al.
) Eric Freeman? Elisabeth Robson? ?? ??? ??? ??
????:
????.Guru
??? ?? ????
????? ?????! ??? Python ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.

? ??? ??? ?? Python?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!