JavaScript? ?? ???? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????. ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ????. ? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ???, getter ? setter? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????.

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???? ??????

???? ?? ??("??"??? ?)? ??? ??? ???. "???"? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????.

---

?? ??

const target = {}; // The original object
const handler = { /* definitions of operations */ };
const proxy = new Proxy(target, handler);

---

??? 1: ?? ??? ????

???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

const user = {
    name: 'Gabriel',
    age: 30
};

const handler = {
    get: function(target, prop) {
        if (prop in target) {
            return target[prop];
        } else {
            return 'Property not found';
        }
    }
};

const userProxy = new Proxy(user, handler);

console.log(userProxy.name); // Gabriel
console.log(userProxy.age); // 30
console.log(userProxy.email); // Property not found

??? ??? ???? ?? getter ??? ??? ? ????.

const userWithGetters = {
    name: 'Gabriel',
    age: 30,
    getProperty(prop) {
        return this[prop] || 'Property not found';
    }
};

console.log(userWithGetters.getProperty('name')); // Gabriel
console.log(userWithGetters.getProperty('email')); // Property not found

???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ? ? ???? ????? ????.

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??? 2: ?? ??? ??

???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????:

const person = {
    name: 'Ana'
};

const handler = {
    set: function(target, prop, value) {
        if (prop === 'age' && (value < 0 || value > 120)) {
            throw new Error('Age must be between 0 and 120');
        }
        target[prop] = value;
        return true;
    }
};

const personProxy = new Proxy(person, handler);

personProxy.name = 'María'; // Works fine
console.log(personProxy.name); // María

try {
    personProxy.age = -5; // Will throw an error
} catch (e) {
    console.log(e.message); // Age must be between 0 and 120
}

setter? ???? ?? ??? ? ????.

const personWithSetters = {
    _age: 0,
    name: 'Ana',
    set age(value) {
        if (value < 0 || value > 120) {
            throw new Error('Age must be between 0 and 120');
        }
        this._age = value;
    },
    get age() {
        return this._age;
    }
};

try {
    personWithSetters.age = -5; // Will throw an error
} catch (e) {
    console.log(e.message); // Age must be between 0 and 120
}

????? ???? ? ??? ?? getter ? setter? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ????.

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??? 3: ?? ?? ????

??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.

const data = {};

const handler = {
    set: function(target, prop, value) {
        console.log(`Changing ${prop} from ${target[prop]} to ${value}`);
        target[prop] = value;
        return true;
    }
};

const dataProxy = new Proxy(data, handler);

dataProxy.name = 'Pedro'; // Changing name from undefined to Pedro
dataProxy.age = 25; // Changing age from undefined to 25

?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???. ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????.

// Simulating a basic observable
class Observable {
    constructor(data) {
        this.data = data;
        this.listeners = [];
    }

    addListener(listener) {
        this.listeners.push(listener);
    }

    notify() {
        this.listeners.forEach(listener => listener(this.data));
    }
}

???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. Observable? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???.

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??

JavaScript? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? getter ? setter? ?? ???? ?? ??, ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

JavaScript?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????!

? ??? JavaScript? ??? ??: ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!