SOLID? ?? ?? ?????(OOP)?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? 5?? ?? ???? ?????.

1. S ?? ?? ???—?SRP
2. O ? ?? ???—?OCP
3. L iskov? ?? ???—?LSP
4. I ????? ?? ???—?ISP
5. D ??? ?? ???—?DIP

??? ??? ??? C. ??(? ?????? ?)? 2000?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????. SOLID ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ????, ????, ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ? ????.

?? ?? ??(SRP)

?? ?? ??? OOP? SOLID? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ? ? ??? ? ??? “??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??”? ?????.

invoice?? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? generateInvoice() ? saveToFiles() ??? 2?? ???? ????.

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }

  public void saveToFiles() {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

Invoice ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????.

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }
}

public class FileManager {
  public void saveToFiles(Invoice invoice) {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

??? ?? ??? ?? 2?? ???? ??? ? ? ????.

• ???? ??
• ??? ??

SRP? ?? ?? ??

• ??? ?? ??: ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????.
• ????? ?? : ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ????.
• ???? ??: ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????.
• ? ?? ??? : ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????.

??-?? ??(OCP)

??-?? ??? SOLID? ? ?? ?? ?????. ? ??? 1997? Bertrand Meyer? ?? ???????. ? ??? ??? ?? ????? "????? ????(???, ?? ? ??)? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???."

?? ??

Shape?? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????.

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }

  public void saveToFiles() {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? Shape ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????.

??? ??-?? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }
}

public class FileManager {
  public void saveToFiles(Invoice invoice) {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

OCP? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.

??: ?????? ???? ?? OCP? ???? ??? ??? ????.

OCP? ?? ?? ??

• ?? ?? ?? : ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
• ????? ?? : OCP? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ????.
• ??? ???: ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ????.

Liskov? ?? ??(LSP)

Liskov? ?? ??? OOP? ? ?? ??? ?????. ?? 1987? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? Barbara Liskov? ?? ???????.

? ??? "?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??"? ????.

?? ?? Circle? Rectangle? Shape? ?? ??? ?? Shape ??? ?? ?? Circle ?? Rectangle ??? ?? ? ????.

public class Shape {
    private String shapeType;
    private double radius;
    private double length;
    private double width;

    public Shape(String shapeType, double radius, double length, double width) {
        this.shapeType = shapeType;
        this.radius = radius;
        this.length = length;
        this.width = width;
    }

    public double area() {
        if (shapeType.equals("circle")) {
            return Math.PI * (radius * radius);
        } else if (shapeType.equals("rectangle")) {
            return length * width;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown shape type");
        }
    }
}

// Usage
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape circle = new Shape("circle", 5, 0, 0);
        Shape rectangle = new Shape("rectangle", 0, 4, 6);

        System.out.println(circle.area());
        System.out.println(rectangle.area());
    }
}

? ??? ? ? ??? Liskov ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????.

LSP? ?? ?? ??

• ??? ?? ????: ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????.
• ??? ?? ?? : LSP? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.
• ? ?? ??? ???: LSP? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ????. ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????.

????? ?? ??(ISP)

????? ?? ??? ??? C. ??? ??? 5?? SOLID ?? ? ?????. "?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???."?? ???? ????.

?, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ? ????.

?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????.

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }

  public void saveToFiles() {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

MultifunctionPrinter? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?? ?? ???? ?????. ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???????.

?????

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }
}

public class FileManager {
  public void saveToFiles(Invoice invoice) {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

??

public class Shape {
    private String shapeType;
    private double radius;
    private double length;
    private double width;

    public Shape(String shapeType, double radius, double length, double width) {
        this.shapeType = shapeType;
        this.radius = radius;
        this.length = length;
        this.width = width;
    }

    public double area() {
        if (shapeType.equals("circle")) {
            return Math.PI * (radius * radius);
        } else if (shapeType.equals("rectangle")) {
            return length * width;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown shape type");
        }
    }
}

// Usage
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape circle = new Shape("circle", 5, 0, 0);
        Shape rectangle = new Shape("rectangle", 0, 4, 6);

        System.out.println(circle.area());
        System.out.println(rectangle.area());
    }
}

ISP? ???? ???, ???, ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ?? ?? ? ???(?: BasicPrinter, AdvancedPrinter ?? FaxMachine)? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ????.

ISP? ?? ?? ??

• ??? ? ??? ??? ?? : ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ????.
• ?? ??? ??: ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.
• ????? ?? : ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????.
• ? ?? ??? ???: ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????.
• ??? ?? : ISP? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.

??? ?? ??(DIP)

??? ?? ??? SOLID? ?? ?????. ??? C. ??? ??? ????? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

DIP?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????.

• ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???.
• ? ? ???? ???? ???.
• ??? ????? ????? ? ???.
• ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???(??? ??)? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

???? ??? ??(DIP ??)

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }

  public void saveToFiles() {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

?? ??? ? ? ??? Computer ???? Keyboard ???? ????? ?????.

???? ??? ??(DIP ??)

public class Invoice {
  private Long InvoiceNo;

  public void generateInvoice() {
    // code to generate Invoice.
  }
}

public class FileManager {
  public void saveToFiles(Invoice invoice) {
    // code to save invoice as a file.
  }
}

?? ???? ?? ???? ?? InputDevice ?????? ?????. ??? ?? Computer ???? ???? ??? WirelessKeyboard? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.

DIP? ??? ?? ? ?? ??

• ??? ??: ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ????.
• ????? ?? : ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ?????.
• ??? ??? ??? : ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????.
• ???? ??: ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????.

??

????? SOLID ??: ?? ??, ???, ???, Liskov ??, ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????.

??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????, ????, ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????.

??

? ?? ????? ?????! ?? SOLID ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????.

???:

LinkedIn?—?@nsadisha
GitHub?—?@nsadisha
???—?@nsadisha
Dev.to?—?@nsadisha

— ??? ???

? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!