?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??? PHPUnit?? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ? ????? ?? ??? ????, ? ????, PHPUnit?? ????? ???? ??? ???????.

?? ??? ??????

?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ? ????.

• ??? ?? ?? ??: ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.
• ??? ??? ??: ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ? ????.
• ???? ??: ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????.

?? ??? ???? ??? ??????

??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.

• ??? ???: ??? ??????, API ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????.
• ???? ???: Mock? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ????.
• ? ?? ??? ??: ?????? ??? API ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????.

???? ??: ???? ??????

?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ???.

• ???: ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????(?: ?? ?? ????? ???? ??).
• ??: ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??(?: ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??)? ?????.

PHPUnit?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??

PHPUnit? ???? createMock() ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ????.

?? 1: ?? ?? ?? ???

? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class MyTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testMockExample()
    {
        // Create a mock for the SomeClass dependency
        $mock = $this->createMock(SomeClass::class);

        // Specify that when the someMethod method is called, it returns 'mocked value'
        $mock->method('someMethod')
             ->willReturn('mocked value');

        // Pass the mock object to the class under test
        $unitUnderTest = new ClassUnderTest($mock);

        // Perform the action and assert that the result matches the expected value
        $result = $unitUnderTest->performAction();
        $this->assertEquals('expected result', $result);
    }
}

??:

• createMock(SomeClass::class)? SomeClass? ?? ?? ??? ?????.
• method('someMethod')->willReturn('mocked value')? ?? ??? ?????.
• ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? SomeClass ??? ???? ??? ???.

?? 2: ??? ?? ??

??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???. ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.

public function testMethodCallVerification()
{
    // Create a mock object
    $mock = $this->createMock(SomeClass::class);

    // Expect the someMethod to be called once with 'expected argument'
    $mock->expects($this->once())
         ->method('someMethod')
         ->with($this->equalTo('expected argument'))
         ->willReturn('mocked value');

    // Pass the mock to the class under test
    $unitUnderTest = new ClassUnderTest($mock);

    // Perform an action that calls the mock's method
    $unitUnderTest->performAction();
}

?? ??:

• Expects($this->once())? someMethod? ??? ? ? ????? ?????.
• with($this->equalTo('expected ??'))? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????.

?: PaymentProcessor? ??? ???

?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? PaymentGateway ?????? ???? PaymentProcessor ???? ?? ???????. ??? PaymentGateway? ?? ??? ???? ?? PaymentProcessor? processPayment ???? ????? ????.

PaymentProcessor ???? ??? ????.

class PaymentProcessor
{
    private $gateway;

    public function __construct(PaymentGateway $gateway)
    {
        $this->gateway = $gateway;
    }

    public function processPayment(float $amount): bool
    {
        return $this->gateway->charge($amount);
    }
}

?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? processPayment ??? ????? ?? PaymentGateway? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.

?? ??? ???? PaymentProcessor ?????

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class PaymentProcessorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testProcessPayment()
    {
        // Create a mock object for the PaymentGateway interface
        $gatewayMock = $this->createMock(PaymentGateway::class);

        // Define the expected behavior of the mock
        $gatewayMock->method('charge')
                    ->with(100.0)
                    ->willReturn(true);

        // Inject the mock into the PaymentProcessor
        $paymentProcessor = new PaymentProcessor($gatewayMock);

        // Assert that processPayment returns true
        $this->assertTrue($paymentProcessor->processPayment(100.0));
    }
}

??? ??:

• createMock(PaymentGateway::class) creates a mock object simulating the PaymentGateway interface.
• method('charge')->with(100.0)->willReturn(true) specifies that when the charge method is called with 100.0 as an argument, it should return true.
• The mock object is passed to the PaymentProcessor class, allowing you to test processPayment without relying on a real payment gateway.

Verifying Interactions

You can also verify that the charge method is called exactly once when processing a payment:

public function testProcessPaymentCallsCharge()
{
    $gatewayMock = $this->createMock(PaymentGateway::class);

    // Expect the charge method to be called once with the argument 100.0
    $gatewayMock->expects($this->once())
                ->method('charge')
                ->with(100.0)
                ->willReturn(true);

    $paymentProcessor = new PaymentProcessor($gatewayMock);
    $paymentProcessor->processPayment(100.0);
}

In this example, expects($this->once()) ensures that the charge method is called exactly once. If the method is not called, or called more than once, the test will fail.

Example: Testing with a Repository

Let’s assume you have a UserService class that depends on a UserRepository to fetch user data. To test UserService in isolation, you can mock the UserRepository.

class UserService
{
    private $repository;

    public function __construct(UserRepository $repository)
    {
        $this->repository = $repository;
    }

    public function getUserName($id)
    {
        $user = $this->repository->find($id);
        return $user->name;
    }
}

To test this class, we can mock the repository:

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class UserServiceTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testGetUserName()
    {
        // Create a mock for the UserRepository
        $mockRepo = $this->createMock(UserRepository::class);

        // Define that the find method should return a user object with a predefined name
        $mockRepo->method('find')
                 ->willReturn((object) ['name' => 'John Doe']);

        // Instantiate the UserService with the mock repository
        $service = new UserService($mockRepo);

        // Assert that the getUserName method returns 'John Doe'
        $this->assertEquals('John Doe', $service->getUserName(1));
    }
}

Best Practices for Using Mocks

1. Use Mocks Only When Necessary: Mocks are useful for isolating code, but overuse can make tests hard to understand. Only mock dependencies that are necessary for the test.
2. Focus on Behavior, Not Implementation: Mocks should help test the behavior of your code, not the specific implementation details of dependencies.
3. Avoid Mocking Too Many Dependencies: If a class requires many mocked dependencies, it might be a sign that the class has too many responsibilities. Refactor if needed.
4. Verify Interactions Sparingly: Avoid over-verifying method calls unless essential to the test.

Conclusion

Mock objects are invaluable tools for writing unit tests in PHPUnit. They allow you to isolate your code from external dependencies, ensuring that your tests are faster, more reliable, and easier to maintain. Mock objects also help verify interactions between the code under test and its dependencies, ensuring that your code behaves correctly in various scenarios

? ??? PHPUnit ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!