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- Describe rate limiting techniques for PHP APIs.
- PHPAPI current limit can be implemented through fixed window counters, sliding window counters, leaky bucket algorithms and token bucket algorithms. 1. The fixed window counter limits the number of requests through the time window. 2. The sliding window counter refines the time window to provide more accurate current limiting. 3. The leaky bucket algorithm processes requests at a constant rate to prevent burst traffic. 4. The token bucket algorithm allows for a certain degree of burst traffic, and controls requests by consuming tokens.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 596 2025-04-08 00:08:40
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- What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in PHP?
- The main difference between an abstract class and an interface is that an abstract class can contain the implementation of a method, while an interface can only define the signature of a method. 1. Abstract class is defined using abstract keyword, which can contain abstract and concrete methods, suitable for providing default implementations and shared code. 2. The interface is defined using the interface keyword, which only contains method signatures, which is suitable for defining behavioral norms and multiple inheritance.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1082 2025-04-08 00:08:21
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- Explain Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and how to prevent it in PHP (htmlspecialchars).
- XSS is an attack that is executed in the user's browser by injecting malicious scripts. Using the htmlspecialchars function in PHP can effectively prevent XSS attacks: 1) htmlspecialchars converts special characters into HTML entities to prevent browsers from interpreting them as code; 2) When using in HTML attributes, quotation marks must be escaped using the ENT_QUOTES flag; 3) Combining other security measures, such as input verification and output encoding, multi-level protection is formed.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 876 2025-04-08 00:04:30
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- How can you prevent a class from being extended or a method from being overridden in PHP? (final keyword)
- In PHP, the final keyword is used to prevent classes from being inherited and methods being overwritten. 1) When marking the class as final, the class cannot be inherited. 2) When marking the method as final, the method cannot be rewritten by the subclass. Using final keywords ensures the stability and security of your code.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1114 2025-04-08 00:03:41
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- Explain different error types in PHP (Notice, Warning, Fatal Error, Parse Error).
- There are four main error types in PHP: 1.Notice: the slightest, will not interrupt the program, such as accessing undefined variables; 2. Warning: serious than Notice, will not terminate the program, such as containing no files; 3. FatalError: the most serious, will terminate the program, such as calling no function; 4. ParseError: syntax error, will prevent the program from being executed, such as forgetting to add the end tag.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1463 2025-04-08 00:03:01
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- Explain strict types (declare(strict_types=1);) in PHP.
- Strict types in PHP are enabled by adding declare(strict_types=1); at the top of the file. 1) It forces type checking of function parameters and return values ??to prevent implicit type conversion. 2) Using strict types can improve the reliability and predictability of the code, reduce bugs, and improve maintainability and readability.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 541 2025-04-07 00:05:41
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- How do HTTP Cookies work and what are common security attributes (HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite)?
- HTTPCookies works by sending data through the Set-Cookie response header, and the browser automatically appends these cookies in subsequent requests. The security attributes of cookies include: 1.HttpOnly: prevents JavaScript from accessing cookies and reduces the risk of XSS attacks. 2.Secure: Make sure cookies are transmitted only over HTTPS to prevent them from being intercepted. 3.SameSite: Prevent CSRF attacks, and set it to Strict, Lax or None by controlling the sending behavior of cookies in cross-site requests.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 960 2025-04-07 00:03:11
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- What are PHP generators (yield) and what problems do they solve?
- Generators and yield keywords in PHP can efficiently process large data sets. 1) The generator is a special function that uses yield to return the value and pauses execution. 2) They generate values ??step by step, save memory and improve performance. 3) The generator is suitable for scenarios such as large file reading and infinite sequence generation.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 912 2025-04-07 00:02:51
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- How does PHP handle object comparison (== vs ===)?
- In PHP, == compare the attribute value of the object, === compare whether the object is the same instance. 1.==The property values ??will be compared after type conversion. 2.=== Directly compare the memory address of the object. 3. Custom comparison logic can be implemented through the __equals method.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 738 2025-04-07 00:02:30
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- What is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) and how do you implement CSRF protection in PHP?
- In PHP, you can effectively prevent CSRF attacks by using unpredictable tokens. Specific methods include: 1. Generate and embed CSRF tokens in the form; 2. Verify the validity of the token when processing the request.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 583 2025-04-07 00:02:10
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- How would you implement API versioning in PHP?
- Implementing API version control in PHP can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Add a version number to the URL, such as /api/v1/users. 2. Use a custom routing mechanism to parse the URL and extract the version number. 3. Call the corresponding processing function according to the version number to ensure the organization and backward compatibility of the code of different versions.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1192 2025-04-06 00:09:31
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- Describe the purpose and usage of the ... (splat) operator in PHP function arguments and array unpacking.
- The... (splat) operator in PHP is used to unpack function parameters and arrays, improving code simplicity and efficiency. 1) Function parameter unpacking: Pass the array element as a parameter to the function. 2) Array unpacking: Unpack an array into another array or as a function parameter.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 967 2025-04-06 00:07:00
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- Explain the match expression (PHP 8 ) and how it differs from switch.
- In PHP8, match expressions are a new control structure that returns different results based on the value of the expression. 1) It is similar to a switch statement, but returns a value instead of an execution statement block. 2) The match expression is strictly compared (===), which improves security. 3) It avoids possible break omissions in switch statements and enhances the simplicity and readability of the code.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1175 2025-04-06 00:03:51
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- How does session hijacking work and how can you mitigate it in PHP?
- Session hijacking can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Obtain the session ID, 2. Use the session ID, 3. Keep the session active. The methods to prevent session hijacking in PHP include: 1. Use the session_regenerate_id() function to regenerate the session ID, 2. Store session data through the database, 3. Ensure that all session data is transmitted through HTTPS.
- PHP Tutorial . Backend Development 1552 2025-04-06 00:02:51
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