How to create a systemd service for a custom application?
Jul 09, 2025 am 01:03 AM
The easiest and most reliable way to get the custom program to start, run in the background and restart automatically is to create a systemd service. 1. Create a service file: Create a new file ending with .service in the /etc/systemd/system/ directory, such as myapp.service, and fill in the configuration content containing key parameters such as Description, After, ExecStart, WorkingDirectory, User and Restart; 2. Load and enable the service: execute the sudo systemctl daemon-reload load configuration, start the service through sudo systemctl start myapp, and set the startup self-start with sudo systemctl enable myapp; 3. Troubleshoot common problems: If the service starts up, you can view the log through journalctl -u myapp.service, pay attention to details such as checking whether the path is correct, whether the permissions are sufficient, and whether the environment variables are missing. Ensure accurate configuration, correct paths and reasonable permissions, and the program can be run stably.
Want your custom program to start automatically, run in the background, and restart automatically? The easiest and most reliable way is to create a systemd service. There is no need for complicated configuration, just write a configuration file to do it.
1. Create a service file
The service configuration file of systemd is usually placed in /etc/systemd/system/ directory. You can create a new file ending with .service in this directory, such as myapp.service .
Open the terminal and execute:
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service
Then fill in the basic content, the structure is roughly as follows:
[Unit] Description=My Custom Application After=network.target [Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /home/user/myapp/main.py WorkingDirectory=/home/user/myapp User=user Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
- Description : Service description, write it casually.
- After : Specify the startup sequence, which means starting again after the network is ready.
- ExecStart : Your program start command.
- WorkingDirectory : The working directory where the program runs.
- User : Which user is used to run it.
- Restart : Set the restart policy,
alwaysmeans restart if there is an error. - WantedBy : The system starts the target, generally using
multi-user.target.
2. Load and enable the service
After saving the service file, you need to reload the systemd configuration:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
Then you can start your service:
sudo systemctl start myapp
If you want it to power on, run:
sudo systemctl enable myapp
This will automatically run the service every time the system starts up.
Check if the status is normal:
sudo systemctl status myapp
If you see active (running) , it means that it has been successfully run.
3. Frequently Asked Questions
Sometimes the service starts up fails, you can check the log:
journalctl -u myapp.service
Several common problems include:
- Path error: Make sure
ExecStartandWorkingDirectoryare correct. - Permissions issue: Make sure that the user you specify has permission to access relevant files and directories.
- Environment variables are missing: Some programs rely on environment variables, and can be set by adding
Environment="VAR=value"in the service file. - Start too fast: If your program relies on network or other services, you may need to add
After=network-online.targetand enable the corresponding service guarantee order.
Basically that's it. After writing the service file, the remaining operations are very simple. The key is to have accurate configuration and correct paths. Not complicated but it is easy to ignore details, especially the issues of permissions and paths, which are the easiest to get stuck with novices.
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