The difference and application between class methods and object methods: Class methods: act on the type itself, do not require object instance calls, and are used to create new instances or perform type-level operations. Object method: must be called through an object instance and is used to modify the object state or access private fields. The receiver must be a pointer type.

Explore the practical application of class methods and object methods in the Go language

Introduction

In the Go language, types are passed by value, which means that any modification to the type will not affect the original value. For operations on object types, Go provides two methods: class methods and object methods. This article will delve into the differences between the two and demonstrate their use in practical applications through practical cases.

Class methods

Class methods do not require an object instance to be called, they act directly on the type itself. The keyword func followed by the type name defines a class method.

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

// 類方法
func (p Person) Greet() string {
    return "Hello, " + p.Name
}

Object methods

Object methods must be called through a specific object instance. The keyword func followed by the type name and receiver (receiver) defines an object method.

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

// 對(duì)象方法
func (p *Person) ChangeName(newName string) {
    p.Name = newName
}

• Please note that the receiver of the object method must be a pointer type, because the object itself is modified.

Practical application

Class method example:

• Used to create a new instance or get a specific The default value of the type.
• Used to perform type-level operations, such as sorting or comparison.

Use case:

type Player struct {
    Name string
    Score int
}

// 類方法：創(chuàng)建新玩家實(shí)例
func (p Player) New(name string, score int) *Player {
    return &Player{name, score}
}

Object method example:

• Used to modify the state of the object or Perform a specific action.
• Used to access the private fields of the object.

Use case:

type Account struct {
    Balance int
}

// 對(duì)象方法：扣款
func (a *Account) Debit(amount int) {
    a.Balance -= amount
}

Conclusion

Class methods and object methods provide flexible and Powerful mechanism to manipulate object types. Understanding the purpose of each method and practicing their application through practical examples can effectively build robust and maintainable Go programs.

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