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Table of Contents
Go 語言:從零開始學習類方法和對象方法
類方法
對象方法
實戰(zhàn)案例
關鍵區(qū)別
Home Backend Development Golang Learn Go language class methods and object methods from scratch

Learn Go language class methods and object methods from scratch

Apr 03, 2024 am 11:03 AM
go language Object methods class method

在 Go 中,類方法與對象方法的主要區(qū)別在于它們的接收器:類方法使用類名調用,而對象方法需要實例引用。類方法適合全局操作,對象方法適合特定實例操作。步驟:類方法:func 關鍵字聲明,放在 type 定義中,接收器為類本身。對象方法:func 關鍵字聲明,放在 type 定義的 func 接收器部分,接收器為實例指針。

Learn Go language class methods and object methods from scratch

Go 語言:從零開始學習類方法和對象方法

Go 語言中,我們可以使用類方法和對象方法來實現對象的行為。本文將從頭開始逐步引導您了解這兩種方法之間的區(qū)別以及如何使用它們。

類方法

類方法是綁定到類本身的方法。它們可以通過類名直接調用,無需創(chuàng)建類實例。在 Go 中,我們使用 func 關鍵字聲明類方法,并將其放在 type 定義中。

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

func (p Person) Greet() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is " + p.Name)
}

上面的示例定義了一個 Person 類型和與之關聯的 Greet 類方法。我們可以使用 Person.Greet 直接調用此方法,而無需創(chuàng)建 Person 實例。

對象方法

對象方法是與類實例相關的方法。它們只能通過實例調用,不能通過類名直接調用。在 Go 中,我們也使用 func 關鍵字聲明對象方法,但我們會將其放入 type 定義的 func 接收器部分中。

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

func (p *Person) SetName(name string) {
    p.Name = name
}

上面的示例定義了一個 Person 類型和一個名為 SetName 的對象方法。此方法需要一個 Person 指針作為接收器,這意味著它只能通過 Person 實例調用。

實戰(zhàn)案例

以下是一個使用類方法和對象方法的 Go 程序示例:

package main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {
    Name string
}

func (p Person) Greet() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, my name is " + p.Name)
}

func (p *Person) SetName(name string) {
    p.Name = name
}

func main() {
    person := Person{Name: "John Doe"}

    person.Greet()
    person.SetName("Jane Doe")
    person.Greet()
}

在這個程序中,我們定義了一個 Person 類型及其關聯的類方法 Greet 和對象方法 SetName。我們創(chuàng)建了一個 Person 實例 person,并使用其 Greet 方法和 SetName 方法對其進行操作。

關鍵區(qū)別

類方法和對象方法之間的主要區(qū)別在于它們的接收器:

  • 類方法有一個隱式的 type 接收器,允許它們通過類名直接調用。
  • 對象方法有一個接收器變量,必須是該類型的指針,這使得它們只能通過實例調用。

總的來說,類方法最適合于全局操作,而對象方法最適合于應用于特定實例的操作。

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