CSS Viewport: How to use vh, vw, vmin and vmax units to achieve responsive design, specific code examples are needed

In modern responsive web design, we Web pages are often expected to adapt to different screen sizes and devices to provide a good user experience. The CSS Viewport unit (viewport unit) is one of the important tools to help us achieve this goal. In this article, we'll cover how to use vh, vw, vmin, and vmax units to implement responsive design, and provide specific code examples.

First, let’s take a look at these new viewport units:

1. vh (viewport height): represents a percentage unit relative to the viewport height. For example, 1vh is equal to 1% of the viewport height.
2. vw (viewport width): represents the percentage unit relative to the viewport width. For example, 1vw is equal to 1% of the viewport width.
3. vmin (viewport minimum): represents a percentage unit relative to the smaller of the viewport width and viewport height. For example, 1vmin is equal to 1% of the smaller of the viewport width or the viewport height.
4. vmax (viewport maximum): represents a percentage unit relative to the larger of the viewport width and viewport height. For example, 1vmax is equal to 1% of the greater of the viewport width or the viewport height.

Next, we will use a simple example to illustrate how to use these units to implement responsive design.

Suppose we have a web page layout that contains a top navigation bar and a content area. We want the height of the navigation bar to always be 30px, and the height of the content area to be adaptive to fill the remaining space.

First, we need to set the style of the navigation bar:

.navbar {
  height: 30px;
}

Next, we can use vh units to set the height of the content area. Suppose we want the height of the content area to occupy 80% of the height of the viewport:

.content {
  height: 80vh;
}

In this way, regardless of the actual height of the viewport, the content area will be filled with 80% height.

In addition to setting the height, we can also use vw units to set the width. Suppose we want the width of the content area to occupy 50% of the viewport width:

.content {
  width: 50vw;
}

Similarly, we can use the vmin and vmax units to set the smaller and larger values ??of the viewport height and viewport width. For example, if we want the width and height of an element to always be equal, we can use the vmin unit:

.square {
  width: 50vmin;
  height: 50vmin;
}

In this way, the width and height of the element will remain equal regardless of the actual width and height of the viewport.

Finally, if we want the width or height of an element to always be relative to the maximum value of the viewport size, we can use the vmax unit. For example, if we want a button's width and height to never exceed 30% of the viewport size:

.button {
  width: 30vmax;
  height: 30vmax;
}

In this way, no matter what the actual width and height of the viewport are, the button's width and height will never exceed 30% of the viewport size.

To sum up, using vh, vw, vmin and vmax units can help us achieve a more flexible and responsive web page layout. By setting the width and height of elements, we can automatically adjust the layout based on the size of the viewport to provide the best user experience.

I hope the code examples and introduction in this article will be helpful to you in understanding and using CSS Viewport units. I wish you success in implementing responsive design!

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