SSR technology application practice in Vue 3 to improve the SEO effect of the application

With the rapid development of front-end development, SPA (Single Page Application) has become mainstream . The benefits of SPA are self-evident and can provide a smooth user experience, but there are some challenges in terms of SEO (search engine optimization). Since SPA only returns an HTML template in the front-end rendering stage, most of the content is dynamically loaded through JavaScript, causing search engines to have difficulties in crawling, indexing, and ranking. In order to solve this problem, server-side rendering (SSR) technology came into being.

Vue 3, as one of the most popular JavaScript frameworks at present, provides developers with SSR support. SSR for Vue 3 leverages Vite and VitePress tools to implement isomorphic rendering of JavaScript, allowing responses to be pre-rendered on the server side and interacted with on the client side. This article will introduce the application practice of SSR technology in Vue 3, and show how to use SSR to improve the SEO effect of the application.

First, we need to install Vue CLI 4 to support the SSR function of Vue 3. Execute the following command in the command line:

npm install -g @vue/cli@4

Next, we create a project using the Vue CLI:

vue create vue-ssr-demo

Select "Manually select features", then check "Babel" and "Choose Vue version" ", select "2.x" and continue creating the project.

After the creation is completed, we enter the project directory and install the relevant dependencies:

cd vue-ssr-demo
npm install vuex vue-router express

Then, we need to create a server.js file in the root directory for startup SSR server and page rendering:

const express = require('express')
const { createBundleRenderer } = require('vue-server-renderer')
const server = express()

// 讀取生成的bundle文件
const bundle = require('./dist/vue-ssr-server-bundle.json')
const renderer = createBundleRenderer(bundle, {
  runInNewContext: false,
  template: require('fs').readFileSync('./public/index.html', 'utf-8'),
  clientManifest: require('./dist/vue-ssr-client-manifest.json')
})

// 靜態(tài)資源的路徑
server.use(express.static('./dist'))

// 所有路由都交給Vue處理
server.get('*', (req, res) => {
  const context = { url: req.url }

  renderer.renderToString(context, (err, html) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err)
      if (err.code === 404) {
        res.status(404).end('Page not found')
      } else {
        res.status(500).end('Internal Server Error')
      }
    }

    res.end(html)
  })
})

// 啟動服務器
server.listen(8080)
console.log('Server is running on http://localhost:8080')

We also need to modify the package.json file and change the build command to build:ssr, To distinguish how SSR is built:

"scripts": {
  "build:ssr": "vue-cli-service build --target node --ssr"
}

Now, we can execute the following command to build and start the SSR server:

npm run build:ssr
node server.js

After the above steps are completed, we successfully started an SSR Vue 3 application.

In SSR applications, one thing to note is that since no browser-related code will be executed during server rendering, some APIs that are only available in browsers cannot be used, such as window and document. To solve this problem, Vue 3 provides us with some special hook functions.
First, we need to define the createApp function in the entry file as follows:

import { createSSRApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'

export function createApp() {
  const app = createSSRApp(App)
  app.use(router)
  app.use(store)

  return { app, router, store }
}

Then, during server-side rendering, we use the renderToString method To render a Vue application, as follows:

import { createApp } from './main'

export default context => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const { app, router, store } = createApp()

    router.push(context.url)

    router.isReady().then(() => {
      context.rendered = () => {
        context.state = store.state
      }
      resolve(app)
    }, reject)
  })
}

createSSRApp function is used to create an application instance on the server, renderToString method is used to render an application instance into a string .

Through the above configuration and code examples, we successfully applied the SSR technology in Vue 3. SSR can not only improve the SEO effect of the application, but also make our application appear to users faster.

Summary:
This article introduces the application practice of SSR technology in Vue 3 and provides relevant code examples. By using SSR, we can solve the SEO problems of SPA applications and improve the crawling and ranking effects of search engines. The SSR function of Vue 3 provides better tools and support for front-end developers, helping us build applications that are more reliable, optimized, and have better SEO effects. With the rapid development of SPA applications, SSR is a technology worth exploring and trying, both in terms of user experience and search engine optimization.

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